Spatial Diagnosis And Improvement Strategies For Urban Livability From The Perspective Of Public Facility Soundness

Livable city is the biggest demand of urban residents for urban life and living environment,and is the main goal of urban construction and development.With the increasing number and scale of cities,people have higher requirements for the quality of cities,including the livability of cities.At the same time,building a livable city has become a major strategy and demand for the sustainable development of cities in China.Urban livability is a comprehensive experience of human beings on the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of urban natural environment and human environment.At the meso level,urban livability depends more on the construction of urban public facilities.Based on the main public facilities that affect the urban livability,this study quantitatively measures the urban livability,and then explores the spatial differentiation characteristics of livability.At the same time,this article also explores diagnostic methods for urban livability spatial imbalance and pattern defects(such as difference analysis,mean obstacle analysis,supply-demand relationship analysis,and morphological simulation analysis),and proposes targeted ways to improve urban livability according to the diagnostic results of livability obstacle factors..In this paper,Zhangdian and Dongying City are taken as the research areas and draws the following main conclusions:(1)Urban livability score ranges from 0 to 1.The average livability scores of Zhangdian City and Dongying City are 0.54 and 0.56 respectively,and Dongying City is slightly better than Zhangdian City.The urban livability score in Zhangdian city ranges from 0.18 to 0.80 with a standard deviation of 0.12,while that in Dongying city ranges from 0.20 to 0.73 with a standard deviation of 0.11.There is a great difference in livability in Zhangdian city,while Dongying city has a strong balance in livability.(2)The difference analysis shows that Zhangdian City is superior to Dongying City only in terms of ecological facility soundness,with a difference of 0.07;There is little difference between the two cities in ensuring the health of facilities.In the soundness of transportation facilities,commercial facilities and cultural and entertainment facilities,Dongying city is obviously higher than Zhangdian city.Taking the overall mean value as the standard,the main obstacles to the further development of urban livability in Zhangdian city are transportation facilities,commercial facilities and service facilities,while the main obstacles to Dongying city livability are ecological facilities.(3)Using the mean obstacle degree model,it is found that in Zhangdian city,the areas with roads and shopping centers as the main obstacles account for about 12.0% of Zhangdian city area;In Dongying city,the proportion of the area with vegetation,corridors and public transportation as the main obstacles is higher than other indicators,which are15.0%,13.3% and 13.0% respectively.Only from the area ratio of main obstacle factors,the obstacle degree of Zhangdian urban indicators to livability from high to low is: road,shopping center,school,parking space,hospital,recreational facilities,cultural facilities.And Dongying city is: vegetation,corridors,public transport,schools,cultural facilities,hospitals.(4)In urban areas with high livability,population density is generally higher.The relationship between population density and urban livability is exponential.With the increase of urban livability,population density increases at an increasing rate.When the livability of the city is 0.5,the growth rate of population density in Zhangdian and Dongying urban areas begins to accelerate,but the growth rate in Zhangdian urban area is faster than that in Dongying urban area;When the urban livability exceeds 0.55,there are few areas with population density below 1000 people per km~2(Square kilometers)in the two urban areas.According to statistics,compared with Zhangdian City and Dongying city,the livable area of Zhangdian city serves a larger proportion of population.Compared with Dongying city,the population of Zhangdian city tends to be of high urban livability.(5)The spatial structure of the city is one of the important factors that affect the livability of the city.The structure of Zhangdian city is single-center and discrete,which has a great negative impact on the livability of Zhangdian city.According to the simulation method,if Zhangdian urban area is a dual-center and compact city,the overall urban habitability will be improved by at least 0.08,and the urban habitability will be improved from 0.1164 to 0.4867 for 15.80% of the areas.Dongying is a dual-center and compact city,whose urban structure greatly improves the overall livability of the city.However,it should be noted that in the west of Dongying city,because the city is too "compact",the space of ecological facilities is greatly compressed.