| Since1975the Lao People Democratic Republic has become independent from its external invader, the government has put great important to building necessary infrastructure for urbanization within the country, and from1986, the government of Laos started its "new economic mechanism"(NEM). After the reform, there has been positive sign of economic growth of the country which significantly contributed to improving the living conditions of its population.In2005to2010, the economic development in Vientiane Capital has been steadily increased. The annual GDP growth reached12.10%, increased99.90%comparing the period of2001-2005. Vientiane Capital GDP covered27%of the total GDP of the country, annual income per capita reached US﹩1,755.00, increased by US﹩801.28comparing to the period of2001-2005(US﹩957.72), Accepted economy whish has been steadily increased, Vientiane Capital also is the strategic location for political, administration, culture, science and economic center of Laos, it has vast potentials for fastest economic growth comparing to other provinces of Laos, While moving towards the more civilized city in the future, Laos also needs to preserve its natural resources as well as its well preserved culture and traditions for its future generations.The above mentioned reasons are claims to be the factor of people migration into Vientiane Capital resulting in dramatically increased of its population. In addition, many problems facing in Vientiane Capital are various and complex based on time at each period. The issues exist in environmental issues, physical and urban form issues, traffic issues and economic, social cultural issues, the details of the problem describes as bellows:1. Environmental problemsEnvironmental problems in Vientiane Capital are growingly affecting human owing to overexploiting resources and lack of sufficient preservation of resources in couple with great amount of sewage creation and toxic gas emitted by people, which from household waste, factory waste and transportation pollution. Moreover, lack of green area, public gardens are gradually degrading people’s living quality and affecting environment, which are vital for direct proper physical and mental healthiness.2. Physical and urban form problemsPhysical and urban form problems of Vientiane are crucially affecting the overall picture of city. These problems arise from many factors ranging from a lack of city control and management, mismanagement of land using purpose and land type, capitalistic development without taking into account of urban form, ineffective city planning for communication. All of these have constituted urban sprawl and suburban sprawl.3. Traffic problemsProblems in traffic regulating system are caused by increasing demand of roads due to rapid increase of population living in the limited city area. Traffic problems emerged from overload of traveling frequency combine with effects from physical and urban form problems, which do not contribute to the decline traveling numbers. In addition, Vientiane capital structure is also not built in response to an increasing number of populations. Furthermore, the narrowed city structure, inappropriate urban plan, and insufficient parking space are all contributing increasing traffic jam problems. To be precise, some key traffic problems are caused by using private cars as a main transportation, lack of promoting cooperation on using public transportation, insufficiency of effective public transportation, and service not coving enough area and not meet demands of customers, moreover, the numbers of accident has been increasing year by year, so these all of the issues we need more significantly considered on how to find the good planning concept on city planning to address these issues.4. Economic, social and culture problemsEconomic, social and culture issues have direct impacts on the promotion of city advancement. This is to say that these problems are closely related to people’s daily living style and health. If the country had good environment, good transportation system, gradually economic growth, it would create a better living conditions for people and help improve mental health at the same time.The problems facing a Vientiane Capital are an important issue, because they have direct impacts on the living condition and life quality of the people. This reflects degradation of people’s health and mind, which poses obstacles to their happiness and creation of livable and sustainable city. Generally, these problems are escalated to the global environmental and natural resource degradation, which has caused changes in ecological system and climate change. Cities consume more natural resources and energy especially in manufacturing factories, construction work, and creating more waste water and solid waste, commodity consumption and transportation. This exploitation has caused great effects to the quality of air, water soil.The purpose of the research will find out on livable and sustainable city concepts that can be applied to the development of Vientiane Capital as bellow:1. To find out the suitable theories on urban planning concept to livable and sustainable city which has been influences and recognized in the world, in order to create the best concept of urban planning for Vientiane Capital. 2. To find out the best urban planning concept in order to solve the environmental problems, physical and urban form problems, traffic system problem, and economic, social and culture problems in current city planning in Vientiane.3. To study and compare the urban environmental management and urban planning concepts from Shanghai model to find the good solution for Vientiane Capital of Laos.From the current problem exists in Vientiane Capital because lack of appropriate urban planning concept and the cities that develop chaotically can lead to increasing slums. As there is more growing concerns on the negative impact of the chaotically city as resource-wasteful forms of city development, the concept of urban planning for livable and sustainable city as a powerful tool to combat urban poverty, social inequality and negative environment change has been increasingly important in the globalization.Livable and sustainable city concept is involved many interdependent factors contributing to the quality of life in the urban area. The urban forms with their complete physical and social infrastructures are an essential base to enhancing the quality of life of the urbanites, the livable and sustainable city imperative is important for Laos today because the urbanization process in Laos is moving towards harmonizing with the principles of sustainable development. The livable city concept is used as the representation of sustainable city. The concepts of livable and sustainable city are necessity for making Vientiane Capital more livable and sustainable city with focusing on Environment Management, Physical and Urban form, Transport and Economic, Social and Culture.The urban planning concept is crucial to a city’s livable and sustainable development. For the fast growing cities in Laos, the rapid urban sprawl has obviously caused many problems. In order to find out what is the most suitable form for Vientiane’s cities, I study two extreme urban concepts:The garden city concept and the compact city concept. Based on the study and the analysis of particular planning theories concept and situations in Vientiane Capital with the example of sustainable city development of Shanghai city especially in environment management and livable city in Lao context as Luang Prabang city of Laos to compare and meet the appropriate urban planning concept and urban environment management using in Vientiane Capital to solve the present problems and creative new livable and sustainable city concept for sustainable development in future.The details of method for this research are: 1. Identifying the significance of the problems, the purpose of the study, the objective of the study and the area of the study in order to formulate the outline of the study.2. The initial data collection through concepts, theories and case study analysis and evaluation related to the study of livable and sustainable city planning concepts.3. Studying all problems arising in Vientiane Capital in order to analyze all theories related to livable and sustainable city planning. The Vientiane Capital development potentials with the support of the government policy. The socio-economic development plan, fine culture, long traditions and the ways of living of Lao People will also be analyzed to find suitable city planning concepts of Vientiane Capital in the future.4. Analysis the theories and concept related to livable and sustainable city such as the garden city concept and compact city concept by using the problem which current existing in Vientiane Capital like Environmental problem, Physical and urban form, traffic system and economic, social and culture problem.5. Using the findings from Vientiane Capital to compare with the global recognized theories related to urban planning concepts such as the garden city, compact city, In addition, to study of Luang Prabang province as a livable city in Laos and Shanghai in China which sustainable development will also be considered.6. Summarizing the results of the study to solve the problem in current of Vientiane Capital and to find the suitable city planning concept for livable and sustainable in the future.The significance of this research will be found the urban planning concept for the Vientiane Capital. The garden city and the compact city concepts are liable and sustainable city concepts and also these concepts are among the effective city planning in reproducing the public access, reducing the use of personal vehicles, encouraging the walking and cycling activities for the people, environment, protection, Economy, social and culture. The overall of the result concepts are as follows:(1) Maximum benefit in city planning.(2) Focusing on both effectiveness and efficiency in city planning.(3) Recognizing the environmental aspect.(4) Preserving and restoring the identity and heritage of community.(5) Mixed land used identification.(6) Sufficient sanitary and public services system, reducing private cars and supporting public transport system. (7) Recognizing the importance of green network areas, river connecting network, air pollution problem(8) Give importance to light transportation system construction, focusing on creating walking and cycling pathway to save energy.I get the conclusion for the study on livable and sustainable city development in Vientiane by drawing lesions from urban environment management and planning concept of Shanghai city, will significantly help contribute to urban sustainability, improve living conditions and quality of life for its current and future citizens, and boost economic growth in the future. |
PDF Full Text Request