Research On Optimal Spatial Layout Of Urban Public Charging Stations Based On Location Allocation Model

The widespread promotion of new energy vehicles worldwide has brought about a huge demand for charging.However,the unreasonable planning of some charging stations has led to a mismatch between their spatial layout and service capacity and the actual charging demand.The phenomenon of low charging station utilization and poor user charging experience has become a pain point in the electric vehicle industry.The reasonable layout planning of charging stations is the key to optimizing the use experience and charging experience of electric vehicles,improving the utilization rate of charging piles,reducing user "range anxiety," and optimizing the city’s electric vehicle transportation network and power grid.This has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current electric vehicle and smart transportation field.This study aims to optimize the spatial layout of charging stations by comprehensively considering factors such as charging demand,supply,and users,and using methods such as spatial analysis,accessibility evaluation,and site selection optimization to improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of charging stations,provide better charging services for new energy vehicle users and promote the popularity of new energy vehicles.Therefore,the optimization research on the spatial layout of charging stations has both important theoretical significance and practical significance.In this study,Zhengzhou Jinshui District was taken as the research area.Based on charging station data,parking lot data,statistical yearbook data,population data,and city road network data,the study used an improved location model to conduct research on the optimization of the spatial layout of urban public charging stations.Firstly,the current status of urban public charging stations was analyzed,namely the spatial distribution characteristics and configuration level of public charging stations in Jinshui District.Secondly,the optimal supply-demand allocation model was used to measure the spatial accessibility of public charging stations in Jinshui District,and to analyze the weak resource areas of public charging stations and the problems existing in the current layout of public charging stations.Finally,the set cover model and the Pmedian model with capacity constraints were used to optimize the layout of public charging stations in Jinshui District.The main research results of this study are as follows:(1)The spatial distribution of public charging stations in Jinshui District is unbalanced,with relatively more resources in the old city area and fewer resources in the edge area.The resource allocation of public charging stations is unreasonable,and there is a phenomenon of insufficient supply and redundant supply.(2)The overall level of accessibility of public charging stations is relatively low.Based on the results of the optimal supply-demand allocation model,the average time for residents to reach public charging stations is 21.7 minutes.The time for residents to reach public charging stations is short in the old city area and long in the new area,showing an increasing trend towards the northeast.(3)The set cover model and the P-median model with capacity constraints can significantly improve the accessibility of public charging stations.When the number of public charging stations reaches 238,the accessibility of public charging stations in the study area has been significantly improved,and the average time for residents to reach public charging stations is about 14.59 minutes.This study has proposed a complete technical framework and solution for the optimization of urban public electric vehicle charging station layout,which relies on the supply-demand relationship and closely follows reality,making the layout of urban public electric vehicle charging stations more feasible.The use of the optimal supply-demand allocation model for charging facility accessibility evaluation enables the accessibility results to fully reflect the supply-demand relationship and actual conditions,making up for the shortcomings of existing accessibility evaluation methods.When optimizing the layout of urban public electric vehicle charging facilities,the set cover model pays attention to coverage rate,while the P-median model with capacity constraints considers facility utilization efficiency and fairness.The relevant results of this study provide important theoretical reference and technical support for the optimization of urban public electric vehicle charging station layout.