Study On The Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Window Opening Behavior And Energy Simulation Of A Typical Office Building In Xi’an

Window opening behavior has important practical significance for improving indoor air quality,indoor thermal and humid environment and building energy conservation.In this thesis,a typical office building in Xi’an is taken as an example to study the characteristics and influencing factors of window opening behavior of office buildings in cold regions by means of field measurement,questionnaire survey and energy consumption simulation.Taking the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters of two types of functional rooms in the office building and the basic data of real-time monitoring of window state as parameters,the indoor thermal environment of the office building in summer and winter is analyzed according to different window opening scales.Energy Plus software is used to simulate building energy consumption.From November 1,2018 to August 31,2022,the indoor and outdoor environmental parameters and window status of 7 offices and 2 meeting rooms in different orientations and different floors of a typical high-rise office building in Xi’an were monitored in real-time for 1400 days.The variation characteristics of window frequency（action quantity）and window probability（state quantity）in each room were analyzed.The results showed that:（1）The average window opening duration of offices in summer was higher than that in winter,and the single window opening duration of meeting rooms in winter was more dispersed,while the single window opening duration in summer is concentrated in 30～60 minutes.（2）The hourly window opening probability of office rooms in summer shows two different window opening behaviors.One is the“Inverted U”window opening behavior without adjustment after window opening,and the other is the“Twin peak”window opening behavior with active adjustment window according to comfort.In winter,the hourly window opening probability of opening windows in different office rooms varies greatly.The probability of hourly window opening less than 10%is defined as“Low probability”window opening behavior characteristics,and the rest are“The standard”window opening behavior characteristics.（3）The regression analysis shows that the window opening behavior of office and meeting room personnel is affected by indoor and outdoor environmental parameters in summer cooling season.In the winter heating season,the most important factor of office“The standard”window opening behavior and meeting rooms is outdoor temperature,and other factors have little influence on window opening behavior.The key influencing factor of office“Low probability”window opening behavior is indoor CO₂ concentration.Energy Plus is used to predict and simulate the energy consumption of different window opening behaviors and different window opening scale.This study defines three window opening modes for offices and meeting rooms in summer and winter according to the characteristics of window opening behavior and measured results.In the winter heating season,the office energy saving rates of office mode 2（based on“Low probability”window opening behavior）and office mode 3（based on“The standard”window opening behavior）are 63%～78%and 41%～55%compared with office mode 1（based on the measured schedule）,respectively;However,the window opening behavior mode of the meeting room needs to be optimized.If the frequency of meetings in the morning is high,it is recommended to adopt meeting mode 1（based on the measured schedule）to improve indoor air quality.If there is no meeting in the morning,it is recommended to open the window after 14:00.Compared with mode 1,the maximum energy saving rate is 13%when the ventilation volume is equal.In the summer cooling season,in the office window opening behavior mode,the ventilation volume of office mode 1（based on“Twin peak”window opening behavior）is 0.3%less than that of mode office 2（based on“Inverted U”window opening behavior）,but the energy saving is 23%;However,the window opening behavior mode of the meeting room is optimized to mode 1（based on the measured schedule）,that is,the window is opened and ventilated during the“arrival”and“lunch break”.