Study On Optimization Of Rural Residential Layout In Loess Hilly And Gully Regions Based On Suitability

For a long time,due to the absence of village planning in China,the development of ruralareas lacks scientific planning and effective guidance and constraint mechanisms,and the expansion of residential areas is completely spontaneous.The increase and decrease of rural popu lation and rural construction land are not linked,causing a series of "rural diseases" such as environmental pollution,fragmentation of cultivated land,and hollowing out,which greatly wastes rural land resources.Reasonable planning and development of ruralareas can maximize the optimal allocation of land resources,also provide protection for the implementation of rural revitalization strategies,and promote the development of rural areas.Taking rural residential areas in Wuqi County,a hilly and gully region on the Loess Plateau,as an example,based on land change data,DEM data,nighttime lighting data,and socio-economic data,this paper analyzes the current situation of rural residential layout in Wuqi County,Shaanxi Province,using GIS spatial analysis,kernel density analysis,buffer analysis,and landscape pattern index,using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model(MCR),from both ecological and constructi on perspectives,Measure the layout suitability of existing residential areas,introduce the concept of rural life circle,analyze the spatial matching relationship between public service facilities in the study area and existing rural residential areas,evaluate the living suitability of rural residents,and propose spatial optimization for existing rural residential areas by integrating the layout suitability and living suitability of the residential areas.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the basic data collected in the early stage,the overall characteristiccs,density characteristics,and landscape pattern characteristics of rural settlements in Wuqi County were analyzed using methods such as buffer analysis,nuclear density estimation,landscape pattern index analysis,and distribution index.The main influencing factors on the spatial distribution of rural settlements were quantitatively analyzed starting with natural terrain factors,rivers,road networks,and institutional towns.The research results are as follows: The existing rural residential areas in Wuqi County are generally facing problems such as extensive land use and serious area exceeding the standard,with huge consolidation potential;In space,it presents a spatial distribution characteristic of overall dispersion and partial agglomeration,with obvious distribute-on characteristics along road traffic lines;The difference between villages and towns is small,and the patterns of rural residential areas are relatively fragmented,with a relatively high degree of regularity.In terms of influencing factors,the spatial layout and scale of rural residential areas in Wuqi County are strongly constrained by topographic factors such as elevation,slope,and aspect;The impact of socioeconomic factors such as roads and rivers on rural settlements in the study area exhibits relatively similar characteristics.The farther a way from roads,rivers,and towns,the more scattered the distribution of settlements,and the higher the degree of fragmentation.However,compared to the impact of urban and river factors,the spatial distribution of rural settlements presents a strong directionality of road traffic.(2)Using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model,eight resistance factors are selected from three aspects: terrain resistance,location resistance,and developpment basis.Their weights are determined comprehensively using analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method,and corresponding evaluation index system is constructed.By calculating the minimum cumulative resistance difference between rural residential expansion and ecological expansion,the layout suitability zoning of the research area is achieved.Through calculation,the minimum cumulative resistance difference between rural residential expansion and ecologyical expansion in Wuqi County is between-31054.82 and 36917.05.According to the stand ard deviation classification method,the mutation point is sought to determine the zoning threshold.It is divided into three suitable zones: suitable construction zone,transitional zone,and ecological protection zone.The research results show that nearly 40.05% of the land within the county is not suitable for the layout of rural residential areas.Superimposing the zoning results with the existing rural residential areas shows that 60.59% of the rural residential areas are located in the suitable areas for residential expansion,and the overall layout is basically re asonable;(3)Based on the Malos Hierarchy of Needs theory,commercial land,industrial land,educational land,medical and health land,public facilities land,cultural facilities l-and,sports land,parks and green areas are selected to build the services required for daily life in the countrysi de from basic living services(security needs)and expanded living services(social needs)for residents.With the help of network analysis,the living circle hierarchy of residential points with different travel modes and time costs is constructed,and the rural living circle is divided in to three tiers of 0～10min,10～20min,and more than 20 min.The results show that: rural settlements that are more spatially clustered and close to roads and towns have easier access to public services;secondly,under different travel modes,there are large differences in the number and scale of ru-ral settlements within the coverage of 20 min living circle,while in the areas out side the coverage of 20 min living circle,the differences in the number and scale of settlements under different travel modes are not obvious,and in walking Under the mode of travel,7.75% of rural settlements take more than 20 min to reach the service facilities,while this percent age is 3.88% under the mode of travel of electric vehicles;(4)Based on the analysis of the suitability of the layout of rural settlements,considering the spatial matching relationship between infrastructure and rural settlements,evaluating their living suitability,and combining the rationality of layout and living suitability,determining the optimization types of each administrative village,dividing them into four types: "direct urban type","agglomeration and upgrading type","guidance and development type",and "relocation support",and proposing corresponding optimization app-roaches.