Study On The Spatial Pattern Of Modern Rural Settlements In Loess Hilly And Gully Region Of Northern Shaanxi Under The Transformation Of Agricultural Production Mode

Urbanization is a parallel process of population outflow and internal agglomeration in rural areas,and this process has always been coordinated with the development and evolution of agriculture and agricultural production methods.For the ecologically fragile loess hilly-gully region in northern Shaanxi,under the background of soil erosion prevention and the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest,with the rapid advancement of the country’s agricultural modernization,on the one hand,it has an irreplaceable position as an important producing area of characteristic agricultural products,on the other hand,the rural agricultural production factors and industrial structure in this region are undergoing qualitative changes.The traditional small-scale peasant production mode limited by the broken dryland terraces is transforming to the modern agriculture,forestry and animal husbandry production mode characterized by "small mechanical labor".The structure,scale demand and job-residence space relationship of the corresponding labor force are changing accordingly.It is urgent to carry out structural adjustment and appropriate concentration on the existing gully-type scattered small village living system.However,the existing rural planning theories and methods fail to fully consider the objective law that "the agricultural production mode determines the spatial pattern of rural settlements".The scale calculation and spatial layout of rural settlements lack scientific and feasible method guidance,resulting in prominent problems such as dislocation of production and living space,serious empty and waste of house space,mismatch between surplus population and the demand of modern agricultural labor force,and difficulty in improving the level of rural public service.It is urgent to reconstruct rural settlements from rural grassroots spatial units matching the modern agricultural,forestry and animal husbandry production modes in the region.First of all,this paper breaks through the existing "administrative village-natural village" and "central village-basic village" rural living space organization,proposes the concept of "rural basic living unit" which matches the modern agriculture,forestry and animal husbandry production mode in the region,and reconstructs the modern rural living space with it as the basic unit.Secondly,aiming at the basic cell unit of the rural basic settlement unit,this paper puts forward the internal mechanism of its reconstruction from the aspects of human-land relationship and facility allocation,studies its main types from the three influencing factors of natural geomorphic conditions,distance from urban areas and leading industries,and aims at the modern production and living space composition characteristics of two typical geomorphic types of loess hilly and mountainous areas and river valley and channel areas.The "branch centripetal gathering" unit model in loess hilly and mountainous areas and the "belt centripetal gathering" unit model in river valley and river channel areas are put forward respectively,as well as the calculation methods of the spatial scale and population scale of the rural basic settlement units matching the production radius,production spatial scale and production organization mode of modern agriculture,forestry and animal husbandry.Thirdly,according to the scale calculation results of different types of rural basic settlement units in the two typical geomorphic areas of loess hilly and mountainous areas and river valley and river channel areas,the hierarchical structure mode,functional structure mode and spatial structure mode of modern rural settlement space in the two geomorphic areas are proposed respectively,and the key control indexes supporting the modern rural settlement space mode are summarized and put forward.Among them,in terms of hierarchical structure mode,the loess hilly and mountainous area is a hierarchical structure of "town-suburb unit outer suburb unit" and the river valley and river channel area is a hierarchical structure of "city/town-suburb unit".In the aspect of morphological structure mode,the unit combination mode of "patch cluster group" in loess hilly and mountainous areas is proposed.As well as the "ribbon beading" unit combination mode in the valley and river channel area.Finally,the paper chooses the town of du jiashigou in mizhi county as a typical case to carry out an empirical study on the reconstruction of rural residential space,and tests the concepts,methods and spatial patterns established in this paper.