| The classroom is the main learning space for students,and the spatial environment of the classroom directly affects students’ learning performance and physical and mental health.At present,scholars have conducted studies on the influence of indoor environmental factors such as temperature,relative humidity,illumination and ventilation on students’ attention,but in addition to indoor environmental factors,spatial features such as wall color,scale and window-to-wall ratio of the room also affect students’ learning performance and comfort.The existing studies on the impact of spatial features on occupants only relate to social workers in the office and do not reflect the needs of students in higher education and their habits of use.In addition,current research on learning performance and comfort measuring changes in physiological parameters is scarce and does not provide a comprehensive and valid evaluation of the impact of the indoor environment on learning performance.In this paper,we aim to jointly improve the learning performance and comfort of university students in the classroom and use virtual reality technology to create a virtual experimental space with controllable spatial characteristics parameters by changing the wall color(yellow,red,white,blue,green),scale(9.0m*4.5m*3.9m,9.0m*4.5m*3.0m,9.0m*6.9m*3.9m,9.0m*6.9m*3.9m,9.0m*6.9m*3.9m,9.0m*6.9m*3.9m,9.0m*6.9m*3.9m)of the model.(9.0m*6.9m*4.8m),window-to-wall ratio(25%,40%,55%,70%,85%),measuring physiological parameters of ECG and EEG while conducting learning performance tests,collecting basic information such as subjective evaluation questionnaires,and grasping the changing patterns between university students’ learning performance and comfort and classroom space characteristics(wall color,scale,window-to-wall ratio).Improve the evaluation method of learning performance tests.Finally,considering the influence of the spatial characteristics of college classrooms on learning performance and comfort,suitable methods for renovating the spatial characteristics of college classrooms are proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the wall color study,subjects’ subjective ratings were higher in the coldcolored wall classrooms,but subjects’ learning performance was best in the warm-colored wall classrooms.In addition,HRV-n LF/n HF and beta frequency power were significantly higher for subjects in warm-colored classrooms than in white and cool colors.This is physiological evidence that warm-colored classrooms are conducive to more efficient learning.However,the red walls caused some subjects,especially males,to experience eye discomfort and fatigue,resulting in an inability to concentrate better later in the experiment.Therefore,this paper suggests that yellow walls may be the best choice,while the most comfortable green walls can be designed for classroom activities such as corridors.(2)In the spatial scale study,subjects rated the taller large classroom,Model 4(6.9m*4.8m),as the most effective,and the shorter small classroom,Model 2(4.5m*3.0m)and Model 4,as the most effective,achieving mean test scores of 54.15 and 52.92 respectively,with no significant difference(p=0.61).In addition,subjects’ HRV-n LF/n HF and beta frequency power were not significantly different when in Model II and Model IV classrooms,in addition,subjects’ lowest EEG fatigue index was 1.14 in Model IV classroom,which was 36.0% lower compared to Model I classroom,respectively.Moreover,there was a significant positive correlation between subjects’ subjective evaluation voting results and all three test scores.Therefore,in this paper,subjects studied in a larger classroom with higher EEG can satisfy the need to improve learning performance while increasing subjects’ comfort levels.(3)In the window-to-wall ratio(WWR)study,the influence of different Windows’ restorative benefits on the comfort level and learning efficiency of the subjects was systematically analyzed.Subjects had the highest subjective rating in classrooms with a WWR of 55%.However,when the WWR increased from 55% to 85%,the subjective evaluation of the subjects decreased significantly when the trial window was at rest due to the lack of privacy of the excessive WWR.However,the subjective evaluation of some female subjects did not decrease when WWR continued to increase.Instead,they found that 85% of WWR was more conducive to relieving fatigue during window breaks.The best efficiency test scores were found in 55% of WWR classrooms,where the average test score increased by 38.63% when WWR increased from 25% to 55%.Combined with the subjective evaluation voting results of the subjects and the scores of the three tests,it indicates that the classroom WWR55% can improve the learning efficiency and comfort of the subjects at the same time.(4)Through Pearson correlation analysis,it was found that HRV-n LF/n HF had a significant positive correlation with the combined performance of all three learning performance tests,and therefore HRV-n LF/n HF F can be used as one of the physiological indicators to verify students’ learning performance.This also provides a new approach for subsequent experiments on learning performance.However,it is worth noting that HRVn LF/n HF also increases when subjects are significantly uncomfortable or stressed about the environment they are in,so a questionnaire is needed to assist with this to avoid affecting the results of the experiment.(5)When conducting Pearson correlation analysis,the study found that beta frequency power values in all studies were significantly and positively correlated with scores on all three learning performance tests,while fatigue indicators were significantly and negatively correlated with scores on all three learning performance tests.Therefore,the study concluded that EEG indicators could be used as one of the physiological indicators to verify students’ learning performance,providing a new approach for subsequent studies.In addition,it was found that FP1 and FP2 in the frontal lobe and CP2 channels in the parietal lobe were the most active channels in terms of EEG beta frequency.………………………………... |
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