Identification And Protection Of Landscape Resources In Laoshan From The Perspective Of Ecological Protection And Tourism Development Synergy

Laoshan is an important scenic destination with a thousand years of history in China,and is a port of call for Qingdao to showcase the local landscape.Throughout the ages,the local tourism industry has evolved and the relationship between people and places in Laoshan has become complex and varied.There are still difficulties in recognising and protecting its systemic nature and integrity.In the context of the era of new nature reserves and ecotourism concepts,the natural and cultural landscape of the Laoshan Scenic Area should be planned and managed from a holistic perspective to further ensure the continuation of Laoshan’s scenic resources.To this aim,this study takes the Laoshan Scenic Area as the research object,draws on domestic and international experience in landscape resource conservation and ecotourism development,and explores in practice the identification methods of landscape qualities that combine the geographical and cultural systems of the Laoshan Scenic Area,as well as the ideas of stakeholder participation in the requirements of the New Nature Reserve,with a view to improving the identification,conservation and sustainable development approaches for the Laoshan landscape resources.Firstly,the process of landscape construction in the Laoshan Scenic Area based on natural and cultural systems is sorted out,summarizing how landscapes are formed and the factors that affect landscape variation,as a basis for further landscape resource research and landscape character identification.This is followed by the identification of the characteristics of the Laoshan landscape.In the first step,the landscape resource elements of the Laoshan Scenic Area are identified and extracted as landscape trait identification factors;in the second step,the landscape elements are clustered using the landscape typology identification method and the k-means clustering method;in the third step,15 landscape character types and 20 landscape character areas are clustered,and the landscape character areas are grouped into three main categories(Natural landscape,historical landscape and settlement landscape)and twelve sub-categories(mountain and forest land,river and lake land,field and garden land,etc.)to guide the management of landscape resources in the Laoshan Scenic Area.The results of the study show that landscape character identification can provide a more specific basis for classifying landscape information and focus more on the development process and current status of landscape resources.In addition,different landscape character areas reflect different ecological environments and heritage values,and differentiated zoning management can effectively mitigate the impacts of natural hazards and human activities.In order to further promote the sustainable development of Laoshan,this study aims to synergise ecological protection and tourism development by conducting stakeholder questionnaires in 20 landscape character areas,uncovering the real problems in the process of protecting Laoshan’s landscape resources,as well as tabulating and graphing people’s various evaluation data on Laoshan’s ecological protection and tourism development,with the aim of more intuitively expressing different stakeholders’ opinions on Laoshan’s The questionnaire reveals the existing evaluations of different stakeholders on the ecological protection and tourism development of Laoshan,as well as the future development suggestions of different areas.The questionnaire reveals the differences in social values,ecotourism satisfaction and needs of different stakeholders in different landscape character areas,and also integrates the differences in social values,ecotourism satisfaction and needs of different stakeholders in the three major landscape types of the Laoshan Scenic Area.Subsequently,according to the questionnaire data and corresponding calculations,the Laoshan ecological protection area,Laoshan tourism development area and Laoshan ecological tourism management and protection line were divided,and finally the 20 landscape character areas were divided into four types of ecological tourism areas(primary tourism development area,secondary tourism development area,tertiary tourism development area and tertiary ecological protection area),and the Laoshan ecological tourism comprehensive management and protection strategy and its application method were proposed.This study practices the whole process of classifying Laoshan landscape character areas and landscape types from the landscape character identification method to the construction and application of the stakeholder theoretical framework in the Laoshan Scenic Area,which provides a reference for the overall identification and management of Laoshan landscape resources.