Study On The Architectural Foem Characteristics Of The Courtyard In The Historical And Cultural Block Of Qingdao Sifang Road

At the end of the 19 th century,after the German occupation of Qingdao,western architecture and culture were forcibly inserted into the city to create an overseas star colony.As a Chinese residential area,the Sifang Road Historical and Cultural District saw a fierce collision between Chinese and Western architectural concepts,which promoted the rapid development of architectural art and structural technology.In recent years,with the implementation of Qingdao’s old city renewal projects,the courtyards in the Sifang Road historical and cultural district have been acquired by the government for preservation and renewal,but the long-term life of the residents has caused coverage and damage to the building form,and the lack of records and research on the original form of the building has hindered the design of the building restoration.Therefore,this paper takes the courtyard buildings in the Sifang Road historical and cultural district as the research object,and through extensive data collection and field research,we establish the "gene pool" of the courtyard form and explore its evolution pattern under the influence of multiple factors,so as to provide some reference for the conservation and renewal of the courtyard.First,we explain the background,significance,and current status of the study,and define the concept of liyuan.The background of the development of the Sifang Road historical and cultural district and the background of the formation of the liricon form are elaborated from the aspects of natural environment,political policy,economic development and demographic structure.Secondly,the core chapter of this paper takes 87 courtyards in the Sifang Road Historical and Cultural District as the research object,collects the original design drawings and field research,and completes the architectural drawings of the representative courtyards.On this basis,the buildings are divided into three parts: body,roof,and components,and the "form" and technical characteristics of each element are summarized,and the dynamic evolution of the "form" of the buildings is explored in the light of the relevant political policies,human behavior and emotions,and architectural techniques.The role of the "form" in the dynamic evolution of architecture is discussed.Specifically,we analyze the basic forms of the two components of the house body,namely,the foot and the wall,and draw structural drawings to represent them,and integrate them with neighborhood maps to analyze their evolution patterns by counting the distribution areas of each type and the proportion of their numbers in different periods.Then,based on actual cases,the evolution of roof forms under the influence of politics,economy and culture is discussed,and the 87 buildings in the neighborhood are quantified and analyzed to explore the commonalities and individuality between the roof forms of the courtyard.For the roof morphology of the courtyard,the overall roof assembly morphology and the roof nodes such as roof frame,roofing and tiger windows are classified and analyzed,focusing on the sudden changes in the morphology of the roof frame as an important supporting element and the way of connecting the elements under the stimulation of Western technology,summarizing the construction paradigm,and sorting out the distribution characteristics and evolution pattern with the neighborhood map.As for the form of the components of the courtyard,three types of functional components are selected,namely,the outer corridor,the windows and the staircase,which have an important influence on the internal and external forms of the building,and the differences and interactions among the components are analyzed from the perspectives of material,scale and form,and the basic paradigms and evolutionary techniques behind the components are explored.Finally,a specific restoration design is proposed for the courtyard at No.61 Jiaozhou Road.Based on the research on the basic information and the current situation of the building,the "gene pool" of the courtyard form established in the above study is used as a reference basis for the restoration design,and the restoration design scheme and measures for the courtyard of No.61 Jiaozhou Road are proposed,with a view to providing some reference for the morphological design of the conservation and renewal of the courtyard buildings in the Sifang Road historical and cultural district.