Effects Of Different Cultivation Measures On The Yield And Quality Of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.

In this experiment,12 treatments of seedling transplanting and seed direct seeding were set up Zibo Yiyuan County and Tai’an Taishan District,aiming at solving the problems of different yield and quality caused by imperfect cultivation methods.Seedling transplanting includes six transplanting periods:autumn planting Y1(Oct 5,2018),Y2(Oct 20,2018),Y3(Nov 4,2018)and spring planting Y4(Mar 15,2019),Y5(Mar 30,2019),Y6(Apr 14,2019),the density were all 111.1 thousand plants per hectare.Seed direct seeding includes six treatments:autumn seeding Z120(Oct 15,2018,111.1 thousand plants per hectare),Z115(Oct 15,2018,166.7 thousand plants per hectare),Z110(Oct 15,2018,222.2 thousand plants per hectare)and spring seeding Z220(Mar 15,2019,111.1 thousand plants per hectare),Z215(Mar 15,2019,166.7 thousand plants per hectare),Z210(Mar 15,2019,222.2 thousand plants per hectare).Analyzing the data of breeding indexes,growth characteristics,aging indexes,yield formation and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza in different periods of transplanting and seed direct seeding,and explored the cultivation methods of autumn planting and seed direct seeding about Salvia miltiorrhiza.Therefore,the cultivation method suitable for local environment is obtained,which provides theoretical support for high yield and high quality cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Shandong central area.The main test results are as follows:1 Effects on the survival indexes of Salvia miltiorrhizaThe germination rates of autumn seeding and spring seeding in Yiyuan County and Taishan District were 26.26%～29.12%,with no significant difference.The survival rate during the harvest period all appears that autumn seeding is higher than spring seeding.Transplanting survival rate and harvest period survival rate of different seedling transplanting treatments in the two places all appears that autumn planting is higher than spring planting.2 Effects on main agronomic traits of Salvia miltiorrhizaDifferent cultivation methods have a great influence on the expression of main agronomic characters of Salvia miltiorrhiza.The plant height,fresh weight above ground and root-related traits at the same sowing date were negatively correlated with density in two places;the plant height,fresh weight above ground,and root-related traits during different sowing periods of the same density appear that autumn sowing is better than spring sowing.Among the different transplanting treatments in the two places,the plant height of Y1 was the highest,and the growth of the aboveground and roots of Y2 was the best,autumn planting is more conducive to the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza than spring planting.3 Effects on the senescence index of Salvia miltiorrhizaThe activities of SOD,POD and CAT in the leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza at the same seeding period were negatively correlated with the density of direct seeding,and the MDA content was positively correlated with the density of direct seeding,indicating that excessive density will accelerate the senescence of Salvia miltiorrhiza.The activities of SOD,POD and CAT in the leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza at the same density in different seeding times showed that autumn seeding was higher than spring seeding,and there was no obvious rules in MDA content.At the same time,SOD,POD,CAT activity and MDA content of different transplanting treatments showed no obvious rules,which indicates that seeding or transplanting in autumn will not cause premature aging of Salvia miltiorrhiza.4 Effects on dry matter accumulation and yield of Salvia miltiorrhizaThe change trend of dry matter accumulation per plant during the whole growth period under different treatments in the two places is "increasing first,then decreasing",and reaches the maximum value in the middle and late September.The highest yields of different treatments are all Y2,of which Y2 yield in Yiyuan County is 4911.93 kg/hm~2,which is 27.32%higher than the highest yield of spring planting Y4;Y2 yield in Taishan District is 5003.52 kg/hm~2,which is 9.78%higher than the highest yield of spring planting Y4.In the same seeding period of seed direct seeding treatment,the yield increased with the increase of density;at the same density,the yield of autumn seeding was higher than that of spring seeding.5 Effects on active components of Salvia miltiorrhizaThe total content of the four fat-soluble components with different direct seeding treatments in the two places was positively correlated with the direct seeding density.The content of tanshinone IIA in autumn seeding was higher than that in spring seeding,and there was no obvious rule for the four water-soluble components.In the seedling transplanting treatment between the two places,the total content of the four fat-soluble components of Y6 was the highest,and the four water-soluble contents in the autumn transplantation were higher than those in the spring.Among the different cultivation measures in the two places,the yield of 8 effective components of Y2 was the highest,which was the best cultivation measure.