Investigation Of Plum Germplasm Resources And Selection Of Superior Strains In Guangzhou

Guangzhou is the traditional plum production area with the lowest latitude in China.It is rich in local plum germplasm resources.Conghua Sanhua plum,Luogang red plum and Luogang yellow plum were all well-known local varieties before the 1970 s.With the social and economic development of Guangzhou and the adjustment of industrial structure,Plum has been distributed throughout the city since the last century,and the cultivation area has gradually been concentrated in Conghua District.However,Plum is still the 1st largest deciduous fruit tree and 4th largest fruit tree in Guangzhou.For a long time,due to Guangzhou ’s emphasis on litchi,longan and other Lingnan characteristic fruit trees,which affected the development of the plum industry,which research has been relatively weak,with unclear resources,disappearance of germplasm,and inability to improve local varieties.In this paper,through a comprehensive survey and selection of excellent strains of Guangzhou plum germplasm resources,and using CAPS molecular markers to cluster analysis of 30 germplasm in Guangzhou and the province.The main findings are as follows:1.According to the survey results of the plum concentrated cultivation area in Guangzhou,Conghua District,the existing 5 local varieties including ’Conghua Sanhua Plum’ and ’Sanyue Plum ’,’Beaded Plum ’,’April Plum ’ and ’Zaozhu Plum ’.Among them,’Conghua Sanhua Plum ’ has four cultivation types: ’Shang Luo Sanhua Plum ’,’Guancun Sanhua Plum ’,’Xinan Sanhua Plum ’ and ’Guifeng Sanhua Plum ’.2.31 important quality traits and quantitative traits were selected from the Chinese plum DUS test guide,and the traits of 9 collected germplasm materials of Conghua plum were determined,and the results of data analysis using SPSS20 show that: 25 quantitative trait indicators The coefficient of variation is between 6.2% and 74.5%,and there are significant differences among different germplasms,showing a high genetic diversity.3.According to the EST sequence where the candidate SNP site is located,a total of31 pairs of CAPS marker primers were designed.Through PCR amplification and product digestion of the collected plum germplasm DNA,the CAPS marker was used for genotyping and the results were imported into Pop Gen32 software,genotyping statistical results show that: all SNP loci contain 2 alleles,the average polymorphism information content(PIC)is 0.329,the average Shannon’s information index is 0.6102;finally,the unweighted paired arithmetic average method is applied(UPGMA)clustered 30 Guangdong germplasm materials into three categories.The clustering results can provide reference for the construction of genetic linkage map of plum and molecular marker assisted breeding.4.Systematic collection and sorting of plum germplasm resources in the city.Through single plant selection,10 strains of ’Conghua Sanhua Plum’ primary selection and 10 strains of ’ Early Plum ’ primary selection were selected after continuous selection.After 3 years of observation and comparison,the average fruit weight of Gui 10(’Conghua Sanhua Plum ’)is 40.61 g,and the average soluble solid content is 12.6%.The fruit color is bright during the maturity period,and it has stable performance,taste,etc.The advantages are obvious;and ’Congzao NO.1’(’ Early Plum ’)has sweet and crisp flesh,soluble solids can reach10.4%,less fiber and more juice,and has outstanding advantages in high yield and stable yield,fruit quality and other aspects.