Effects Of Spraying Selenium After Anthesis On Selenium Accumulation,Yield And Quality In Winter Wheat

In order to clarify the enrichment law of wheat to exogenous selenium fertilizer after anthesis and the response of wheat yield and quality characteristics to exogenous Selenium fertilizer,the suitable selenium fertilizer application technology for wheat in Southern Shanxi area was explored.This test in shanxi agricultural university in 2018-2020 Hong Tong wheat experimental base,the two factors split plot design,the main area for selenium spraying time,Anthesis(T0),5 days after Anthesis(T5),10 days after Anthesis(T10),deputy district for spraying selenium concentrations,set 0 g·hm-2(Se0),10 g·hm-2(Se10),20 g·hm-2(Se20),30 g·hm-2(Se30)four levels,a total of 12.The main results are as follows:(1)Compared with spraying Se after 5 d and 10 d after anthesis,spraying Se at anthesis increased selenium content in glume+spike at 15-20 d after anthesis,increased Se content in grains at 15 d,25 d and30 d after anthesis,and decreased Se content in stems and leaves at 15 d,20 d and 30 d after anthesis,it increased the Se migration rate of grains,decreased the Se content and its proportion in stem and leaf,and increased the Se content and its proportion in grain and glume+spike at maturity.Compared with nonspraying Se,spraying se increased Se content in different organs 15-30 d after anthesis and at maturity stage,and increased Se migration rate of glume-grains,and the highest was 30 g ha-1,the second was 20 g ha-1,while the Se migration rate of leaf-glume was decreased,at 30 g ha-1.The Se content of glume+spike and grain was increased by spraying Se at anthesis and 5 days after anthesis,and the Se content of grain was highest at spraying Se 20 g ha-1 days after anthesis.(2)Compared with spraying Se at 5 d and 10 d after anthesis,spraying Se at anthesis increased Se utilization efficiency and Se biofortification index of grain and flour,increased Se harvest index of flour by 4.5-9.2%,and improved Se preservation of flour by 2.3-3.2%,the content and proportion of organic selenium in grains and flour were increased.Compared with non-spraying Se,spraying Se increased the content of organic Se and inorganic se in wheat grain and flour,increased the proportion of inorganic se and decreased the proportion of organic Se.Compared with 10 and 30 g ha-1,spraying 20 g ha-1 at anthesis increased the ratio of organic se content in grains,and increased the selenium preservation rate and the selenium harvest index of flour.(3)Compared with spraying selenium at 5 d and 10 d after anthesis,spraying selenium at anthesis increased the activities of CAT and APX in flag leaves,decreased the MDA content in flag leaves at 15-30 d after anthesis,increased the percentage of ear dry matter and decreased the percentage of leaf dry matter,increased 1000-grain weight by 1.2-1.5% and yield by 1-1.9%.Compared with non-spraying Se,spraying Se increased the activities of CAT and APX at 15-30 days and 25-30 days after anthesis,and decreased the content of MDA in flag leaves at 15-30 days after anthesis.The activity of CAT and the content of MDA in flag leaves were higher and lower at 20 g ha-1,the spike dry matter quality and its proportion in mature stage were improved,the 1000-grain weight and yield were increased,and the highest was 20 g ha-1.(4)Compared with spraying selenium at 5 d and 10 d after anthesis,spraying selenium at anthesis increased the contents of gliadin,glutenin and protein,decreased the contents of Cd and Pd by 0.6-6.2%and 2.8-14.2% respectively.Compared with non-spraying selenium,spraying selenium increased the contents of grain albumin,gliadin,glutenin and protein,increased the contents of soluble sugar,sucrose and starch,and decreased the contents of Cd and Pd,the contents of glutenin,protein,soluble sugar,sucrose and starch were all higher at 20 g ha-1.In conclusion,spraying selenium after anthesis had certain effects on the characteristics of selenium accumulation and the formation of yield and quality in wheat.Spraying selenium concentration of 20g·hm-2 in the anthesis is conducive to promoting the transfer of selenium to grains,increasing the organic selenium content and proportion in grains and flour,improving the utilization efficiency of selenium fertilizer,and reducing the heavy metal content in grains.Moreover,it was beneficial to increase antioxidant enzyme activity,increase yield and grain protein content of flag leaf after flower,which was suitable for selenium-rich wheat production and application.