| Camellia oleifera Abel.is a unique woody oil tree species in China,which plays an important role in national strategies such as precise poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.In recent years,with the vigorous transformation of low-yield C.oleifera forest,a large number of residues are produced.The traditional way of landfill waste resources,how to realize the resource utilization of the low-yield C.oleifera transformation residues is a difficult problem in the development of the industry.As a new cultivation substrate,C.oleifera sawdust has the advantages of large quantity,renewable,low cost,and can effectively alleviate the shortage of main material for edible fungus cultivation.However,as C.oleifera is an aluminum-rich plant,it is unknown whether high aluminum content will affect the growth of edible fungi and food safety when C.oleifera sawdust is used as substrate for cultivation of edible fungi.In order to scientifically and rationally utilize the low-yield C.oleifera transformation residues,this study first by conducting aluminum tolerance strains screening test,the screened aluminum-tolerant strains were cultivated with different proportions of C.oleifera sawdust as a substitute to obtain the optimal substrate formulations for edible fungus cultivation,which tested in greenhouse and underforest cultivation to investigate the optimal substrate formulation for edible fungus cultivation with C.oleifera sawdust and its potential for promotion and application.1.The tolerance of 5 kinds of common edible fungi to different concentrations of aluminum was studied by mycelial growth rate inhibition method.The results showed that 5 kinds of edible fungus resistance of aluminum from strong to weak followed by Stropharia rugosoannulata>Agrocybe aegerita>Pleurotus ostreatus>Hypsizigus marmoreus>Flammulina velutiper(Fr.)Sing.When the aluminum concentration reaches 15mg/L,it was found that the mycelia of H.marmoreus and F.velutiper(Fr.)Sing could not grow normally,and the inhibition rate was up to 100%,while the inhibition degree of P.ostreatus,A.aegerita and S.rugosoannulata was less,so they could be used as test strains for subsequent cultivation experiments.2.In this experiment,20%,40%,60%and 80%C.oleifera sawdust were used to replace the conventional formula of rice husk under C.oleifera forest for cultivation of S.rugosoannulata.According to the membership function method,a number of measurement indexes such as fruiting body morphology,yield per unit area and nutrients were comprehensively compared.It was found that(formula Ⅲ)adding 60%C.oleifera sawdust,38%rice husk and 2%lime in the medium had the highest yield,and the conversion rate was 38.76%,11.64%higher than that of the control group,and the total sugar content was significantly increased by 63.60%compared with the conventional formula.And according to the average affiliation ranking from highest to lowest,found that the average affiliation of formulation III was the largest.This showed that it was feasible to replace the rice husk in the conventional formula with C.oleifera sawdust as the main material for the cultivation of S.rugosoannulata under the forest,and the addition of 60%C.oleifera sawdust was appropriate.3.In the mushroom production room to carry out the C.oleifera sawdust cultivation P.ostreatus and A.aegerita formula optimization experiment,through the pileus diameter and thickness,stalk diameter and length,average yield per bag,biological conversion rate as well as a number of nutrient indicators for comparative analysis,and combined with membership function method for the determination of index comprehensive evaluation,in order to screen the optimum matrix formulation.The results showed that:the highest biological conversion rate of P.ostreatus formula III reached 104.12%,which was 16.53%higher than the control group,its total sugar content was the maximum and significantly higher than the control group by 28.68%;The highest biological conversion rate of A.aegerita formula Ⅱ was 71.40%,which was slightly lower than the control group but there was no significant difference,and its total sugar,protein content were significantly higher than the other formulas.According to the average affiliation ranking from highest to lowest,it was found that P.ostreatus and A.aegerita had the highest average affiliation for formulation Ⅲ and Ⅱ,respectively.Therefore,the optimal substrate formula for P.ostreatus was Formula Ⅲ:35%C.oleifera sawdust,55%cotton seed hulls,8%wheat bran,and 2%lime;the optimal substrate formula for the A.aegerita was Formula Ⅱ:35%C.oleifera sawdust,45%cotton seed hulls,13%wheat bran,5%corn flour,and 2%lime.4.The optimal substrate formulation(formulation III)for P.ostreatus screened in the mushroom production room(greenhouse)was tested in greenhouse and forest cultivation,comparison of different cultivation mode of fruiting body shape,average yield per bag,the differences between the nutritional ingredients,evaluate its optimal matrix formula the feasibility of the popularization and application.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the three cultivation modes in terms of the morphology of mushroom emergence;in terms of biological conversion rate,the difference between greenhouse and mushroom production room cultivation was not significant,and the conversion rate reached 100.93%,and was significantly higher than that of C.oleifera undergrowth cultivation;in terms of nutrient composition,mushroom production room cultivation was significantly higher than greenhouse and undergrowth cultivation in terms of total sugar content and protein content;however,compared with mushroom production room culture,the contents of crude fat and some amino acids were increased in greenhouse and underforest cultivation.This indicates that the optimal substrate formulation for P.ostreatus is feasible to be promoted in greenhouses and forests,and the greenhouse cultivation is better than the forest cultivation in a comprehensive view. |
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