| Digestive tract parasites are widely parasitized in different breeds of goats,endangering the health of goats,affecting the production performance of goats,and hindering the healthy and sustainable development of goat breeding.As one of the main producing regions of goat breeding in our country,Shaanxi province occupies an important position in the national market for the production and sales of goat milk,meat and cashmere.However,up to now,there has been no systematic data on parasite infections in the digestive tracts of goats in Shaanxi province,and no standard deworming procedures are available.Based on this,the present study used the morphological method to detect the infections of parasites in the digestive tracts of goats from partial regions of Shaanxi,and analyzed the application of deworming drugs and the deworming procedures in these farms/households.The drugs were screened and the deworming procedures were preliminarily evaluated for deworming coccidia that are severely infected in goats.The following results were obtained:1.The infections of digestive tract parasites in goats from partial regions of Shaanxi province were clarified.A total of 1012 faecal samples were examined,with the total infection rate of 97.43%(986/1012)for parasites in the digestive tracts of investigated goats.The parasitic infections were detected in the digestive tracts of goats from all 4 sampling sites,and extremely significant(P<0.01)differences in prevalence were observed.Of them,the infection rates of goats from both Sanyuan and Linyou were 100%,followed by Yangling(224/229,97.82%),and the infection rate(237/258,91.86%)of goats from Fuping was the lowest.Infections of digestive tract parasites were detected in all five goat breeds investigated,but there was no significant(P>0.05)difference in the infection rates among different breeds goats.Of them,the infection rates of digestive tract parasites in Boer goats,Toggenburg goats and Alpine goats were 100%,while the infection rates in Guanzhong and Saaneng dairy goatswere98.01%(591/603)and 95.1%(272/286),respectively.Significant differences(P<0.01)in prevalence were found in goats among three age groups(0-6 M,7-11 M and ≧12 M)and the infection rate increased with the age.2.The species and infection status of digestive tract parasites in goats from partial regions of Shaanxi were clarified.Morphological identification found that the investigated goats were infected with coccidial oocysts,nematode eggs and cestode eggs,and the infection rate of coccidial oocysts(981/1012,96.94%)was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of nematode eggs(155/1012,15.32%)and cestode eggs(40/1012,3.95%).The infection rates of coccidial oocysts and nematode eggs were significantly different(P<0.01)in goats among four investigated sites.Of them,the infection rate of coccidial oocysts in goats from Sanyuan(423/423,100%)was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that from other three sites,and the infection rate of nematode eggs in goats from Linyou(59/102,57.84%)was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that from Yangling(66/229,28.82%)and Sanyuan(30/423,7.09%),but no infection of nematode eggs were found from Fuping(0/258,0%).There were no significant(P>0.05)differences in the infection rate for cestode eggs in goats from four investigated sites.For five goat breeds investigated,the infection rate of nematode eggs was significantly different(P<0.01).Of them,the infection rate of nematode eggs in Boer goats(59/102,57.84%)was significantly(P<0.05)higher than other four breeds.For three age groups of goats investigated,there were extremely significant differences(P<0.01)in the infection rates for both coccidial oocysts and nematode eggs.The infection rates were 98.9% and 98.91% for goats of 7-11 M(179/181)and ≧12 M(544/550),respectively,and were significantly higher than goats of 0-6 M(258/281,91.81%)(P<0.05).The infection rate of nematode eggs in goats≧12 M(109/550,19.82%)was significantly higher than goats of 0-6 M(34/281,12.1%)and7-11 M(12/181,6.63%)(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the infection rates of cestode eggs among three age groups(P>0.05).3.The deworming status of goat farms/households and its impact on infecions of digestive tract parasites in goats from partial regions of Shaanxi were clarified.Investigations on 21 farms/households found three application methods for deworming drugs,namely singledrug for deworming(Ivermectin in 10 households and Avermectin in one household),two drugs for deworming(combined use of Ivermectin and Albendazole in one large-scale farm,and combined use of Ivermectin and Diclazuril premix in one household),three or more drugs for deworming(combined used of Ivermectin,Albendazole and Diclazuril premix in one largescale farm and one household,combined used Ivermectin,Albendazole and Betel nut extract in one household,combined used Ivermectin,Albendazole,Toltrazuril and Phoxim pouring solution in one large-scale farm,combined used Ivermectin,Avermectin,Albendazole and Phoxim pouring solution in one large-scale farm).Of them,no nematode eggs and cestode eggs were found in faecal samples of goats dewormed by using Ivermectin + Albendazole +Betel nut extract and Ivermectin + Albendazole + Toltrazuril + Phoxim pouring solution,but severe infections of nematode eggs and cestode eggs were found in goats dewormed with Ivermectin alone.Four kinds of deworming procedures were found in 19 farms/households,namely not deworming(one large-scale farm),irregular deworming(two households),twiceyearly deworming(four large-scale farms and 10 households)and fourth-yearly deworming(two households).Of them,no infections of nematode eggs were founded in goats with fourthyearly deworming,but severe infection in goats was found for cestode eggs.Three deworming drugs were found to be used in five farms/households,including Diclazuril premix(one largescale farm and two farms),Toltrazuril(one large-scale farm),Betel nut extract(one household),but both the infection rate and intensity of coccidial oocysts were high in goats dewormed with different drugs.No significant differences(P>0.05)in prevalence of coccidial oocysts were found for three drugs.4.The screening of drugs and the preliminary evaluation of the medication regimens for coccidial oocysts in goats were carried out.In view of high infection rates and intensities of coccidial oocysts in goats from partial regions of Shaanxi province,young goats naturally infected with coccidial oocysts were selected as experimental animals,and Diclazuril granules,Diclazuril premix,and Monensin granules were used as test drugs.Drugs screening founded that Diclazuril granules were more effective than Diclazuril premix and Monensin granules to deworm coccidial oocysts.Doses screening founded that 2 mg/kg of Diclazuril granules was more effective than 1 mg/kg of Diclazuril granules to deworm coccidial oocysts.Medication regimens evaluation founded that application of Diclazuril granules 2 mg/kg as drug dose mix feed once a day for seven consecutive days,repeat the drug at 14-day intervals,and this medication regimens had the best effect to deworm coccidial oocysts.In summary,the present study clarified the infection rate,species and drug status used to deworm parasites in digestive tracts of goats from partial regions of Shaanxi province,and screened potential drugs and preliminarily evaluated the medication regimens to deworm coccidial oocysts in goats.The findings provided important theoretical basis for preventing and controlling digestive tract parasitic diseases of goat in this region. |
