Study On Species Diversity And Garden Application Of Poisonous Seed Plants In Zhengzhou City

In this paper,the field investigation and statistics of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City were carried out,and the species composition,geographical distribution types of families and genera,toxic characteristics(toxic parts,toxic size and toxic components),community structure characteristics and distribution application of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City were analyzed in depth,so as to provide reference for further research on poisonous plants in Zhengzhou City,and the configuration and application of urban and rural landscape plants in Zhengzhou City in the future.The survey and analysis results are as follows :1.Species composition of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City(1)There are 298 species of poisonous seed plants belonging to 89 families,234 genera in Zhengzhou,including 6 families,8 genera and 11 species of gymnosperms,83 families,226 genera and 287 species of angiosperms.Among angiosperms,there are 72 families,189 genera and 246 species of dicotyledonous plants,11 families,37 genera and 41 species of monocotyledonous plants,including 99 species of trees,70 species of shrubs,13 species of woody vines,84 species of perennial herbs and 32 species of annual herbs.(2)According to the actual distribution of plants,there are 73 families,159 genera and 198 species of poisonous seed plants cultivated outdoor in Zhengzhou,50 families,95 genera and 109 species of poisonous seed plants cultivated indoor,and 31 families,46 genera and 59 species of wild poisonous seed plants.Among them,19 species of poisonous seed plants cultivated outdoor are not recorded in Zhengzhou Flora.(3)The families and genera of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City were analyzed.There were 89 families of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City.Among them,the families of microfamilies containing 1 genus were the most(44 families),accounting for 49.44 % of the total families of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City.The genera of microfamilies containing 2 ~ 5 genera were the most(98 genera),accounting for 41.88 % of the total genera of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City.There are 234 genera of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City.The number of genera(192 genera)containing one species of microgenus is the largest,accounting for 82.05 % of the total genera of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City.The number of species(192 species)containing one species of microgenus is also the largest,accounting for 64.43 % of the total species of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City.(4)The distribution types of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City were analyzed and summarized.It was concluded that poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City were distributed in 14 distribution types.On the whole,the distribution type of north temperate zone contained the most plant species,followed by the pantropical type,which showed that Zhengzhou City had abundant poisonous seed plants,and was basically consistent with the temperate continental climate in Zhengzhou City,and had a trend of excessive tropical.2.Toxicity analysis of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City(1)The analysis of toxic parts of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou showed that the whole plant of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou had the most toxic species,including 41 families,82 genera and 96 species,accounting for 32.21 % of the total species.There were 32 species of toxic roots and underground stems,64 species of toxic stems and leaves,16 species of toxic flowers,26 species of toxic fruits and seeds,56 species of poisonous plants in two or more parts,and 8 species of poisonous plants in unknown parts.(2)The toxicity of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City was analyzed.The results showed that there were 63 families,106 genera and 133 species of small poisonous plants,accounting for 44.63 % of the total species.There were only 1species of highly poisonous plants,22 species of large poisonous plants,105 species of medium poisonous plants and 37 species of poisonous plants with unknown toxicity.(3)The toxic components of poisonous seed plants in Zhengzhou City were analyzed.The results showed that there were 70 kinds of poisonous plants with glycosides,68 kinds of poisonous plants with alkaloids,25 kinds of poisonous plants with phenols and their derivatives,26 kinds of poisonous plants with terpenes,3 kinds of poisonous plants with non-protein amino acids and glycosides,10 kinds of poisonous plants with simple organic compounds and 102 kinds of poisonous plants with unknown toxic components.3.Community Structure of Toxic Seed Plants in Gardens of Zhengzhou City(1)The application frequency of poisonous seed plants in gardens of Zhengzhou City was statistically analyzed.The results showed that the five tree poisonous seed plants with the highest application frequency were Ligustrum lucidum,Ginkgo biloba,Platycladus orientalis,Robinia pseudoacacia and Eriobotrya japonica.The five shrub species with the highest occurrence frequency were Nandina domestica,Photinia serratifolia,Punica granatum,Nerium oleander and Chimonanthus praecox.Iris tectorum,Oxalis corniculata,Hemerocallis fulva,Reineckia carnea and Hosta plantaginea were the five poisonous seed plants with the highest occurrence frequency.(2)The important values of toxic seed plants in gardens of Zhengzhou City were statistically analyzed.The results showed that in the application of gardens in Zhengzhou City,the five plants with the greatest influence on the community by the important values of toxic seed plants in arbors were Ligustrum lucidum,Ginkgo biloba,Trachycarpus fortunei,Platycladus orientalis and Salix babylonica,respectively.The five plants with the greatest important values of poisonous seed plants in shrubs were Punica granatum,Nandina domestica,Photinia serrulata,Nerium oleander and Chimonanthus praecox.The five most important herbaceous poisonous seed plants are Iris lactea,Hemerocallis fulva,Iris lactea,Reineckia carnea and Oxalis corniculata.(3)The species richness of poisonous seed plants in gardens of Zhengzhou City was analyzed.The results showed that the overall trend of richness was tree > shrub >herb.The variation range of Patrick richness index was 5 ~ 17.There were 22 communities with high richness index(S ≥ 10),accounting for 36.67 % of the total community.The main variation range of richness index was 6 ~ 9(6 ≤ S ≤ 9),with a total of 30 communities,accounting for 50.00 % of the total community.(4)The highest Shannon-Wienner diversity index of arbor layer was Xiliu Lake Park(2.519),the highest Shannon-Wienner diversity index of shrub layer was Bishagang Park(2.365),the highest Shannon-Wienner diversity index of herb layer was Botanical Garden(1.843),the highest Simpson diversity index of arbor layer was Xiliu Lake Park(0.894),the highest Simpson diversity index of shrub layer was Bishagang Park(0.887).The highest Simpson diversity index was in botanical garden(0.826).From the Jsw evenness index and Jsi evenness index,in general,the evenness of arbor layer is greater than that of shrub layer and herb layer,and the evenness index of herb layer is lower,indicating that the distribution of herbaceous plants in each garden green space is uneven,and the evenness of herbaceous plants varies greatly between different parks.4.Toxicity and application of poisonous ornamental plants in Zhengzhou CityThrough the comparative study on the ornamental parts and toxicity(toxic parts,toxic size and toxic pathways)of poisonous ornamental seed plants in Zhengzhou City,78 species of poisonous ornamental plants were found to be consistent with the toxic parts,which were mainly composed of the whole plant.There were 138 species of poisonous ornamental plants with correlation between the ornamental parts and the toxic parts,and 23 species of poisonous ornamental plants without correlation between the ornamental parts and the toxic parts.