Research On Fertilization,Intercropping Pattern And Planting Density Of Reineckia Carnea

Reineckia carnea is a shade-loving plant of the Liliaceae,a traditional herbs commonly used in the Hmong region of China,and has a wide range of applications in horticulture and many other fields.At present,Reineckia carnea is still in the stage of introduction and domestication,and the cultivation technology is not yet mature.In view of this,in order to investigate the best fertilization ratio,suitable intercropping pattern and planting density of Reineckia carnea,and provide technical support for the artificial cultivation of Reineckia carnea,this study investigated the suitable fertilization,intercropping and planting density of Reineckia carnea through 3414 soil formula fertilization test,Reineckia carnea intercropping test with corn,sorghum and sunflower,and planting density test;meanwhile,through the study of chemical composition of 20 batches of Reineckia carnea,the HPLC fingerprint profile and herbal quality evaluation system of Reineckia carnea will establish,to provide theoretical basis for the evaluation of Reineckia carnea.The main results are as follows:1 The effect of formulated fertilization on Reineckia carneaDifferent levels of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had significant effects on the growth,yield,herb quality and economic benefits of Reineckia carnea.（1）The best growth and maximum single plant weight of Reineckia carnea under treatment N2P2K2(N:144 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅:282 kg·hm^-2,K₂O:128 kg·hm^-2).The height,leaf length,leaf thickness,stolon thickness,fibrous root thickness,fibrous root number,leaf area per plant,fresh weight of single stolon,dry weight of single stolon,fresh weight per plant,and dry weight per plant all reached the maximum,were 34.38 cm,30.98 cm,0.31 mm,6.75 mm,1.99 mm,98.50 roots,128.64 cm²,11.55 g,4.05 g,28.74 g and 9.35 g,respectively.（2）The yield and fertilization benefits of fertilization treatment were higher than those of non-fertilization treatment N0P0K0(N:0 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅:0 kg·hm^-2,K₂O:0 kg·hm^-2),but the degree of effect of different fertilization treatments on yield and economic benefits of Reineckia carnea varied.Treatment N2P2K2 showed the highest yield gain of 8204.10 kg·hm^-2,which was 2381.19kg·hm^-2 with a growth rate of 40.89%over the non-fertilizer treatment(5822.91 kg·hm^-2).N2P2K2had the highest economic benefit of 164,082.00 yuan·hm^-2,an increase over N0P0K0 of 42,521.00yuan·hm^-2.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium deficiency treatments N0P2K2(N:0 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅:282 kg·hm^-2,K₂O:128 kg·hm^-2),N2P0K2(N:144 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅:282 kg·hm^-2,K₂O:128 kg·hm^-2)and N2P2K0(N:144 kg·hm^-2,P₂O₅:282 kg·hm^-2,K₂O:0 kg·hm^-2)reduced yields by 9.51%,20.00%and9.76%,respectively,compared to the N2P2K2 treatment,indicating that phosphorus fertilizer was the most effective in increasing yields and was the main factor limiting the yield of Reineckia carnea,followed by potassium fertilizer and the lowest nitrogen fertilizer.（3）The best quality of Reineckia carnea was obtained under treatment N2P2K2.The accumulation of total flavonoids,total saponins,and leachate contents were best in the upper part of Reineckia carnea with 12.39 mg·g^-1,16.72 mg·g^-1 and 16.47%,respectively.The total saponin content was higher in the lower part of the ground with 17.74 mg·g^-1.The application of N,P and K ratios also had a significant effect on the accumulation of N,P,K,Ca and Mg contents in the upper and lower parts of the Reineckia carnea,and also on the soil nutrients after stubble.The above study showed that N2P2K2 was the better fertilization treatment.2 The effect of intercropping pattern on Reineckia carneaIntercropping different crops had significant effects on the growth,yield,herb quality and economic benefits of Reineckia carnea.（1）The intercropping sorghum pattern showed the best growth and maximum weight of individual plants for Reineckia carnea.The height,leaf length,leaf width,leaf thickness,spike length,number of leaves,number of fibrous roots,stolon length,stolon thickness,fibrous root length,fibrous root thickness,leaf area per plant,fresh weight of single stolon,dry weight of single stolon,fresh weight of single fibrous root,dry weight of single fibrous root,fresh weight per plant,and dry weight per plant,the drying rate of single stolon,rate of drying per plant all reached the maximum,were 40.30cm,34.58 cm,1.39 cm,0.28 mm,7.06 cm,13.78 cm,43.08 roots,10.31 cm,6.12 cm,15.06 cm,1.61mm,103.27 cm²,4.53 g,1.71 g,1.51 g,0.61 g,10.39 g,3.80 g,37.75%and 36.61%,respectively.（2）The highest total yield and total economic benefits were recorded in the intercropped sorghum model.The yield of Reineckia carnea was 973.82 kg·hm^-2 and sorghum yield was 5849.11 kg·hm^-2with a total economic benefit of 53108.01 yuan·hm^-2.Under different intercropping patterns,the total yield was in the order of:Reineckia carnea intercropping sorghum>Reineckia carnea intercropping corn>Reineckia carnea intercropping sunflower>Reineckia carnea monoculture,the total economic benefit was in the order of:Reineckia carnea intercropping sorghum>Reineckia carnea monocult ure>Reineckia carnea int ercropping corn>Reineckia carnea intercropping sunflower.（3）The best quality of Reineckia carnea was observed in the intercropped sorghum model.The total saponin and leachate contents in the upper part of Reineckia carnea were 13.62 mg·g^-1 and15.51%,while the total flavonoids,total saponin and leachate contents in the lower part of the ground was 3.82 mg·g^-1,12.20 mg·g^-1 and 28.50%,respectively.Intercropping also had significant effects on the accumulation of N,P,K,Ca,and Mg contents in the upper and lower parts of the Reineckia carnea.The above study showed that a Reineckia carnea is suitable for intercropping with sorghum.3 The effect of planting density on Reineckia carneaDifferent planting densities had significant effects on the growth,yield,herb quality and economic benefits of Reineckia carnea.（1）The best growth and maximum single plant weight of Reineckia carnea under 250125plants·hm^-2 planting density.The leaf length,leaf width,leaf thickness,number of leaves,number of divisions,stolon length,stolon thickness,fibrous root length,fibrous root thickness,number of fibrous roots,leaf area per plant,aboveground single fresh weight,aboveground single dry weight,dry weight of single stolon,dry weight per plant,rate of drying aboveground,rate of drying single stolon,rate of drying per plant all reached the maximum,were 27.97 cm,1.36 cm,0.26 mm,17.03pieces,1.33 plants,10.25 cm,5.84 mm,12.24 cm,5.84 mm,46.67 roots,70.33 cm²,3.20 g,0.98 g,1.27 g,2.67g,30.69%,34.60%and 33.16%,respectively.（2）The productivity and economic benefits of Reineckia carnea under 250125 plants·hm^-2 planting density was higher than those of 444667 plants·hm^-2 and 160080 plants·hm^-2,with the productivity of2211.11 kg·hm^-2 and economic benefits of 44,222.20 yuan·hm^-2.（3）The best quality of herbs of Reineckia carnea was obtained under the planting density of250125 plants·hm^-2.The total flavonoid,total saponin and leachate contents in the upper and lower parts of Reineckia carnea were higher than 444667 plants·hm^-2 and 160080 plants·hm^-2,and the total flavonoid,total saponin and leachate contents in the upper part were 9.83 mg·g^-1,8.72 mg·g^-1 and14.52%,respectively,while the total flavonoid,total saponin and leachate contents in the lower part of the ground were 3.82 mg·g^-1,14.12 mg·g^-1 and 20.47%,respectively.Density also had a significant effect on the accumulation of N,P,K,Ca,and Mg contents in the upper and lower parts of the Reineckia carnea.The above study shows that 250125 plants·hm^-2 is the suitable planting density for Reineckia carnea.4 The construction of fingerprint profile and quality evaluation system of Reineckia carnea（1）Through the study of 20 batches of chemical components of Reineckia carnea,the HPLC fingerprints of Reineckia carnea were established,and the HPLC established fingerprints have good stability,repeatability and precision.（2）Based on the established fingerprint profile of Reineckia carnea,13 peaks were selected as the common peaks of the fingerprint profile,and a total of 7 components of Reineckia carnea with large differences were selected by combining chemical pattern recognition methods,namely,rutin（peak 5）,diosgenin（peak 12）,diosgenin element（peak 13）,peak 1,peak 2,peak 6 and peak 7,which can be used as the signature components of Reineckia carnea to evaluate the quality of the herb.