| Isatidis Radix, dry root of the Isatis indigotica Fort., as Cruciferous herbs is a precious traditional Chinese herbal medicine, with the functions of clearing heat and detoxicating, cooling blood and detumescence, relieving sore throat efficacy, is commonly used in China in the treatment of common cold. At present, Isatidis Radix is general from the artificial base, but there are no unified standards from sowing, transplanting to final harvest in the whole process, which has seriously affected the mass production of the medicine, lead to inadequate supply of Isatidis Radix on the market. In order to meet the market demand for the medicine, this research on its sowing time, ratio of fertilization, planting density, cutting leaf numbers and harvest period have been conducted in this system research, aims to explore the standardized cultivation techniques of the medicine, provide technical support and scientific basis for the future GAP base construction and standardized planting. The main research results are summarized as followings:1. Eight sowing times were designed, including April 1st, April 15 th, May1 st, May 15 th, June 1st,June 15 th, July 1st, July 15 th, to study the effects of the root growth dynamics, morphology, yield and the content of effective components. The research results show that the optimum sowing date is around April 1st in the sowing dates, the content of epigoitrin of the medicine and yield were higher than others, 0.368% and 0.342 kg/m2 respectively.2. Chemical fertilizers and organic fertilization are used as single factor in the manure study, and their influences were observed on the content of active components and yield of the medicine. The optimum amount of fertilizer and fertilizer types have been selected, namely N, P2O5, K2 O amount were 150 kg/hm2, 180 kg/hm2, 270 kg/hm2 respectively, and organic fertilizer as the compound fertilizer. L9(34) scheme was used in the formula fertilization, the effect of fertilizer ratio to growth index and physiological and biochemical indexes, and the best ratio of A3B3C2 in fertilizer treatment combination has been determined, namely the ratio of fertilization is 9:1:8, compound fertilizer application amount was 1125 kg/hm2, and the N, P, K application amount was 450 kg/hm2. Nitrogen fertilizer is beneficial to improve the yield of Isatidis Radix, organic manure and chemical fertilizers have more advantageous in improving the yield of Isatidis Radix, if they are reasonable used.3. The growing research was carried out with different planting density, and the effects of different planting density to the root diameter, the survival rate and yield were studied. The results showed that the planting density is higher, the root diameter is smaller, the survival rate is lower, and the yield and quality of the root and leaf will decrease. Therefore, the optimum sowing density is 10×30 cm after summarizing the survival rate, land utilization rate, and the quality and the yield of the Isatidis Folium and Isatidis Radix.4. The effects of the harvest time and times of the leaf to the root yield and the epigoitrin content were researched, and the one time harvest leaf was used as control. The results showed there are no significant effect to the epigoitrin content between harvest leaf and not, but has significant impact on the yield. So it is recommended that harvest leaf two times, the first harvest leaf time should be chosen in the late July or early August, and the second harvest leaf time is in the root harvest.5. Seven harvest periods were designed, including May 20 th, June 20 th, July 20 th, August 20 th, September 20 th, October 20 th and November 15 th. The dynamic changes of the yield and main effective component content were determined through the different harvest periods. The results show that the content of effective components of Isatidis Radix and the yield reached the maximum in October 20 th, which could conclude that is the best harvest time. |
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