Design And Experimental Study On Key Parts Of High-speed Automatic Transplanter Of Potted Flowers

Potted flower production requires transplanting the flower seedlings cultivated in the hole dish into the pot.At present,most of them use the scheme of filling the pot with soil on the row first and then transplanting or transplanting in the workshop and then transferring to the seedbed,which has many operation procedures and low production efficiency.Most flower production enterprises in China are small and medium-sized,and mostly use soft pots,so it is particularly important to develop a small and efficient plant transplanter which is suitable for soft pots and realizes automatic operation.In this paper,a self-walking high-speed automatic transplanter for potted flowers is designed,which has the functions of automatically dividing pots,loading soil,digging pits,transplanting,and dropping pots.The theoretical design and simulation of the key components are carried out,and experimental research is carried out.The main research contents are as follows:(1)The overall structure design of the flower transplanting machine.Based on the analysis of the development status of the flower industry,the plant transplanter and pot substrate loader at home and abroad,the overall structure scheme of the high-speed automatic plant transplanter is designed,the structure composition and working principle of the whole machine and each part of the device are introduced,and the control system and pneumatic system are designed.(2)Structure design and simulation analysis of automatic separation device for multi-group stacked soft bowl.According to the characteristics of the stacked black soft plastic bowl,the force of the stacked black soft plastic bowl to be separated at the limit hole was analyzed,the separation scheme of "adsorption-jacking-pull-down" was proposed,and the automatic separation device of multiple stacked soft plastic bowl was designed.The combination of the suction cup assembly and the top basin mechanism can separate the flowerpot to be separated from the stacked bowls above,eliminating the influence of complex forces between bowls,and realizing accurate single separation.The suction cup,vacuum generator,and other key components were designed and selected.The top basin mechanism was designed according to the weight of the stack bowl and the movement trajectory of the push rod,and the static stress was analyzed by Solid Works Simulation.(3)Design of double row transplanting manipulator linkage high-speed transplanting device.To realize high-speed transplanting,a gantry double row transplanting manipulator structure is designed.Double row transplanting manipulator in a synchronous belt driven linkage,alternately take seedlings,planting seedlings,eliminate the single row transplanting manipulator after planting seedlings back to take seedlings above the entire trip caused by the time consumption,so that the transplanting efficiency doubled.The simulation model of horizontal movement of the transplanting manipulator was established,the Solid Works Motion module was used to analyze it,and the optimal working parameters of the high-speed transplanting device were determined.(4)Experimental study on key components of self-propelled high-speed automatic transplanter for potted flowers.The performance test was carried out on the key part of the transplanter,which was the pot dividing device.The success rate of the transplanter was94.8% when the working efficiency of the transplanter was 6000 plants/h.In another key component-take seedlings transplanting manipulator experimental study,first of all,the single factor experiment,determine the influences on seedling pot body of the transplanting manipulator grabbing find effective factors and the optimum value range.Then orthogonal experimental was used to carry out the multi-factor test,through optimizing the best parameter combination: The water content of the pot was 33%,the seedling age was 46 d,the center distance of the limit hole of claw needle was 16.7mm,and the success rate of seedling extraction was 94.7% after experimental verification.A comprehensive performance test of the whole machine was carried out.The planting frequency was set as 6000 plants /h,and the success rate of planting was 91.3% and 90% at 1.5cm/s and 2cm/s,respectively.