Study On Introduction Of Japonica Rice And Cultivation Techniques Of High Yield And Quality In Fuxian County,Yan’an

Rice is the most important grain crop in China.More than 60%of Chinese takes rice as the staple food,and japonica rice has also become one of the most popular food rations for Chinese people.At present,the cultivated area of rice in China is about 28.6-30 million hectares,of which japonica rice account more than 25.5%.The planting area of Japonica Rice about 1040 hectaresin Fuxian County and due to the single cultivation continuous planting for many years,there is a serious degradation of high-quality varieties and resistance dreduction due to the lack of high-yield cultivation technology.Therefore,the study took 60 japonica rice varieties existing in production of Northeast China and cultivated in recent years as materials,and compared their differences in yield,quality,resistance and taste value by planting in Fuxian county to select high-yield and high-quality rice varieties suitable for planting in Fuxian area of Shaanxi Province.On this foundation,select suitable cultivation pattern through yield and quanlity of rice through setting different compound fertilizer dosage levels and fertilizer operation research modes.The results showed that:1.Screening of rice varieties through yield indicators.The six high-yield and high-quality rice varieties selected in this study including Jinongda 738,Jinongda 158,Jinongda 838,Jinongda667,Jijing 816 and Jijing 525.The number of panicles per unit area was between 291～399,the number of grains per panicle was about 136-176,the seed setting rate was about 86%-95%,and the 1000 grain weight was about 20-24 g.2.Screening of rice varieties through rice quality indexes.The processing,appearance,cooking and eating quality of rice were measured.The comprehensive score range of eating value of high-quality rice varieties selected in this study was 61～72;In terms of processing quality,the roughness rate was more than 79%,and the whole milled rice rate was more than 50%;In terms of appearance quality,chalky grain rate and chalkiness were less than 10%.Eight rice varieties were selected,including Jinongda 738,Jinongda 158,Jinongda 838,Jinongda 667,Jinongda 703,Jijing 816,Jijing 528 and Jijing 525.3.Based on the resistance,yield and quality of rice varieties,five japonica rice varieties were screened,including Jinongda 838,Jijing 816,Jinongda 667,Jijing 525 and Jinongda 158,which can meet the requirements of high yield and quality in yield and quality.4.Through setting different levels of compound fertilizer dosage and operation research management to selected te suitable mode,the dosage of compound fertilizer（N-P₂O₅-K₂O is 20-12-14）was 125 kg-75 kg-87.5 kg/hm²and（the basal fertilizer:tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer）was 5:3:2,which were the most suitable compound fertilizer dosage and operation research mode for high-yield and high-quality rice cultivation in Fuxian area.In conclusion,the experiment determined that the varieties suitable for planting in Fuxian area were Jinongda 838,Jijing 816,Jinongda 667,Jijing 525 and Jinongda 158 through the three years of experimental research,and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology mode determined as（N-P₂O₅-K₂O is 20-12-14）,the dosage was 125 kg-75 kg-87.5 kg/hm²,and the operation research mode（base fertilizer:tiller fertilizer:panicle fertilizer）was 5:3:2.The transplanting density was 30×13.32cm.It is suggested that the competent agricultural department should carry out the introduction and filing,formulate the technical regulations for popularizing planting,strengthen publicity and promote planting.