| As a major agricultural city,Linyi has a grain sown area of 9.66 million mu,a vegetable(including edible fungi)area of 2.075 million mu and a melon and fruit area of 260000 mu in 2020;In terms of animal husbandry,296000 large livestock will be sold in 2020,and323000 will be in stock at the end of the period;2.18 million sheep were sold in that year,and 1946000 were in stock at the end of the period;At the end of the year,there were 8.34 million poultry on hand;There were 1.38 million rabbits in the current year and 1.13 million at the end of the period;The fruit orchard covers an area of 1.35 million mu.Huge agricultural production has brought a lot of agricultural waste.The resource utilization of agricultural waste is not only related to the protection of ecological environment and the appearance of rural villages,but also related to the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem,such as fertilizer circulation,forage supplement,reduction of agricultural input cost,but also related to the heating,power consumption and income growth of villagers.Therefore,improve the resource utilization rate of agricultural waste,Increasing the resource utilization value of agricultural waste is the inevitable requirement of the sustainable development of the three rural issues.In this thesis,crop straw resources are estimated by crop economic yield,straw coefficient and collectable coefficient;The amount of resources that can be collected and utilized by livestock and poultry feces is calculated through the amount of livestock and poultry on hand and out of hand,combined with the excretion coefficient,dry matter content and collectable coefficient of various livestock and poultry;Use the area data of various fruit orchards in 2020,supplemented by pruning coefficient and dry weight conversion coefficient to obtain the resource data of forest and fruit industry waste(referring to the pruned branches of fruit trees,the same as the full text).The calculation results show that:(1)in 2020,the resources of agricultural waste that can be collected and utilized in Linyi city are 9.46 million tons,including 4.65 million tons of crop straw,4.44 million tons of livestock manure and 370000 tons of forest and fruit industry.The overall distribution shows the characteristics of low in the middle and high around;(2)Crop straw is mainly wheat straw and corn straw,which are 1.483 million tons and 1.332 million tons respectively,accounting for 31.9 % and 28.7 % of the total annual collectable resources of crop straw in the city;(3)Poultry manure is mainly poultry manure,with an annual total of3.016 million tons,accounting for 67.9 % of the city’s total annual resources;The second is833000 tons of sheep manure,accounting for 18.8 % of the total resources that can be collected from livestock manure in the city;(4)The waste resources of forest and fruit industry in Linyi city are mainly peach.The annual dry weight of pruned branches of peach trees is 214000 tons,accounting for 57.7 % of the total resources that can be collected in the year;Followed by 104000 tons of grapes,accounting for 28 % of the total waste branches.There are five main ways of agricultural waste resource utilization: fertilizer utilization,feed utilization,energy utilization,raw material utilization and base material utilization,which is abbreviated as "five material utilization".Through the analysis of utilization ways,the results show that:(1)the fertilizer utilization,raw material utilization and base material utilization of crop straw are the most common in Linyi city.Among them,50.3% of straw fertilizer utilization can provide 24200 tons of pure nitrogen,3200 tons of pure phosphorus and 31100 tons of pure potassium,which is expected to save 318 million yuan of chemical fertilizer investment;The raw material utilization of crop straw is mainly wheat straw and rice straw,which are mainly used for straw weaving.With large demand and high added value,it can provide a large number of jobs for farmers and solve the problem of increasing farmers’ income;Linyi city needs 320000 tons of dry materials,192000 tons of corncob and 128000 tons of vegetable straw per year for the production of mushroom sticks,while the vegetable fungus rotation mode can consume 1.8 tons of vegetable straw,rice husk and corncob(sawdust)per mu;(2)The main utilization mode of livestock manure in Linyi city is fertilizer utilization(the utilization rate is 83.3%).The collected and utilized livestock manure in the city can provide 34600 tons of pure nitrogen,12900 tons of pure phosphorus and 24400 tons of pure potassium.The fertilizer utilization of livestock manure can reduce the chemical fertilizer investment of 323 million yuan;(3)The main utilization ways of Linyi forest and fruit industry waste are base material utilization and raw material utilization.Crushing fruit tree branches into sawdust can be used as wood rot fungus base material and raw material for the production of density board,while crushing into particles can be used for the processing of particleboard,with high added value.In addition,through the calculation of the forage demand of large herbivorous livestock in Linyi City,the forage gap in Linyi city is large,and the crop straw can be directly returned to the field,so as to alleviate the forage pressure of the breeding industry in Linyi city.If the corn straw is processed into silage,the feed input of the city’s farms can be reduced by 1.18 billion yuan to 5.26 billion yuan.To sum up,Linyi has a large amount of agricultural waste resources,and the existing resource utilization rate is high,but the utilization rate of high-value utilization is relatively low,and there is still much room for development.In the future,we can continue to deepen the development of straw feed,base material and raw material,livestock manure fertilizer and energy,and forest and fruit industry waste base material and raw material utilization,In order to better improve the resource utilization value of agricultural waste. |
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