Preparation Of Raspberry Branch And Leaf Silage And The Application In Fattening Of Mutton Sheep

This thesis systematically studied the feasibility of feed utilization of raspberry branches and leaves after silage,and analyzed the effects of different silage forms and time on nutrients and bioactive substances of raspberry branches and leaves.The effects of silage raspberry branches and leaves partially replacing conventional roughage on the growth performance,meat quality,blood immunity and antioxidant indexes of Bahan hybrid mutton sheep were systematically studied.The results were as follows :Experiment 1 : Effects of silage on nutrients and bioactive substances in branches and leaves of raspberry.The branches and leaves of fresh raspberry were divided into three groups,and the mixed preparations of lactic acid bacteria,sugar and sugar bacteria were added respectively.The changes of the influencing substances and bioactive substances were determined on 14 d,28 d,42 d and 56 d after vacuum sealing.The results showed that after 14 days of silage,the crude fat content in the lactic acid bacteria group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the mixed group(P=0.0462).the acid detergent fiber and crude protein in the control group were significantly higher than those in each experimental group(P<0.05).The crude fat of Lactobacillus group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P=0.0008).The acid detergent fiber and crude protein in the control group were significantly higher than those in each experimental group(P<0.05).At 42 d and 56 d,the neutral detergent fiber content of sugar group was significantly higher than that of mixed group(P<0.05),and the crude protein content of control group was significantly higher than that of experimental groups(P<0.05).The p H of the mixed group was significantly lower than that of the experimental groups(P<0.05),the SOD activity of the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental groups,and the anthocyanin and flavonoid contents of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).The contents of proanthocyanidins,salicylic acid,polysaccharides and polyphenols in the control group were significantly higher than those in other experimental groups(P<0.05).The optimal ellagic acid content was 14 ～ 42 d in lactic acid bacteria group.Experiment 2 : Effects of branch and leaf silage of raspberry on growth performance,meat quality,blood immunity and antioxidant indexes of Bahan hybrid mutton sheep.543-month-old Bahan crossbred mutton sheep with good body condition and similar body weight(24.22±3.04 kg)were randomly divided into 3 groups with 18 sheep in each group(9 males and 9 females).The control group(corn straw+concentrate),the experimental group 1(30% raspberry leaf silage+70% corn straw+concentrate)and the experimental group 2(60% raspberry leaf silage+40% corn straw+concentrate)were fed.The experimental period was 90 days,including 15 days for pre-feeding and 75 days for formal feeding.The results showed that :(1)In the early stage of the experiment,the body weight of sheep in the second group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).ADG in the whole trial group showed an increasing trend,but the difference was not significant(P< 0.1).In the early stage of the experiment,the concentration of urea in the serum of the first group was higher than that of the control group and the second group(P<0.1).In the early stage of the experiment,the concentration of glucose in the control group was significantly higher than that in the first group and the second group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the later stage of the experiment.(2)There was no significant difference in the slaughter rate between the control group and the experimental group II,but it was significantly higher than that in the experimental group(P<0.1).The cooking loss rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the test group II(P<0.1).(3)The concentrations of Ig A,Ig G,Ig M and IL-10 in the medium-term test group II were significantly higher than those in the control group and the test group(P < 0.05).The concentrations of IL-2 and TNF-α in the experimental group 2were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The concentrations of Ig G,Ig M,TNF-α and IL-2 in group II were significantly higher than those in group I(P<0.05).Among the antioxidant indexes,the MDA concentrations in the first group and the second group in the middle experiment were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the T-AOC activity in the second group was significantly higher than that in the first group(P<0.05).In summary,after the branches and leaves of raspberry were silaged by lactic acid bacteria,the content of crude fat in the silage was increased after 28 d,and the bioactive substances such as anthocyanin,ellagic acid and flavonoids in the raw materials were preserved.After feeding test of Bahan hybrid mutton sheep,raspberry branch and leaf silage can improve blood immunity and antioxidant capacity,promote the growth of mutton sheep,and improve some mutton quality indexes.According to the results of this experiment,it was recommended that the proportion of silage raspberry branches and leaves in the coarse feed of Bahan hybrid mutton sheep should not exceed 60 %.