Differential Water And Fertilizer Management Strategy For Wine Grape In Eastern Foot Of Helan Mountains

The production area at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,which has been recognized as one of the most suitable golden zones for planting wine grapes and brewing fine wine in the world,however,manages the water and fertilizer of wine grapes roughly,with strong experience dependence and blind obedience,which has become a limiting factor restricting the sustainable and healthy development of the wine industry.In this regard,the soil characteristics,cultivation methods and differentiated water and fertilizer management strategies in the small production areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are studied and analyzed to provide scientific theoretical basis for wine grape cultivation at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.Considering the lack of systematic research on soil properties at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain and the unclear soil characteristics,22 small production areas are divided according to the soil properties of the producing areas,the visual geographical zoning map is constructed,and the targeted cultivation mode of the 14 small producing areas that have formed large～scale cultivation are optimized.The study shows that the soil of the small production ares in Wangquangou,Funing,Minning and Huangyangtan is mainly light sierozem.The soil in Longquan is mainly gray desert soil.The soil in Sanguankou,Jinshan,Zhenbeipu,Ganchengzi,Gezishan and Xiaojiayao is general sierozem.The soil in Yuquanying and Shapotou is mainly aeolian sandy soil,And the soil in Lujiayao is mainly loessial soil.Meanwhile,the soil nutrients in the small producing areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain are generally low.The organic matter content is 2.64～3.31 g/kg.The soil in the producing area is more alkaline,with a pH of 8.19～8.52.The frame shape of wine grape is mainly in the shape character Chang and Dulong(a single dragon supported by a trunk),and the frame shape is similar in all small producing areas.Most of the wine grapes are 10 years old,and the cultivation varieties are similar among small producing areas,but the yield indexes in small producing areas differ greatly.The yield of Ganchengzi and Gezishan small production areas is as high as 9.75 t/hm2,followed by Jinshan small production area with a yield of 9.38 t/hm2,while Huangyangtan small production area,Longquan small production area,and Wangquangou small production area have low yields of 3.00 t/hm2,4.50 t/hm2,and 5.25 t/hm2,respectively.Targeting at the problems of different cultivation methods,non-standard fertilization methods and unreasonable irrigation methods at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,the water and fertilizer management methods in different production areas are investigated and analyzed,and the differences of wine grape production in different production areas are comprehensively probed into,figuring out that the irrigation method at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain is mainly drip irrigation,accounting for 78%,followed by flood irrigation,accounting for 14%,and flood irrigation+drip irrigation(spring irrigation and winter irrigation,and drip irrigation during the growth period),accounting for 8%.Among them,the flood irrigation mode consumes the most water,generally more than 12000 m3/hm2,followed by flood irrigation+drip irrigation,the irrigation water is mostly 4500～9000 m3/hm2,the drip irrigation mode is the most water saving,and the irrigation water is mostly 3000～4500 m3/hm2.According to the regional soil characteristics and the water demand law of wine grapes,the corresponding drip irrigation mode is proposed for 14 small production areas according to local conditions,the irrigation water is mostly 3300～5250 m3/hm2,And the flood irrigation mode is supplemented for four small producing areas with overflowing irrigation methods in Zhenbeipu,Funing,Huangyangtan and Ganchengzi.The irrigation water is mostly 5700～132000 m3/hm2.The fertilization method includes four aspects:fertilization period,fertilization method,fertilization type and fertilization amount.It has been revealed in the research that the fertilization methods of wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain vary greatly,and most wineries conduct fertilization management according to experience.Therefore,we should master the law of nutrient absorption of wine grape,and develop differentiated fertilization models for 14 small wine grape production areas based on soil fertility and fertilization foundation in small wine grape production areas at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain.There are 32 fertilization models in total,including 14 green and efficient models,14 organic cultivation models,and the traditional cultivation model developed for four small wine grape production areas,namely Zhenbeipu,Funing,Huangyangtan and Ganchengzi,which mainly focus on ditch fertilization.As for the problems such as low precision level of water and fertilizer management and low economic benefits in the wine grape producing area at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,the differentiated management strategy of water and fertilizer is put forward,so as to realize the precise layout of differentiated water and fertilizer management with one small production area,one kind of soil,one variety,one set of irrigation mode and one set of fertilization scheme.Then a technical system of light simplification,precision,mechanization and green production is constructed to provide scientific theoretical basis for the optimal management of water and fertilizer of wine grapes at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,and to create the characteristic flavor of the production areas.