| The grape industry in Ningxia is developing rapidly,and the planting area is increasing.A large amount of grape branch waste can be produced every year,causing environmental pollution and serious waste of resources.In order to improve the utilization rate of grape branch waste and realize its application in the cultivation and production of edible fungi.In this study,Pleurotus cornucopia,Pleurotus ostreatus,Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus citrinopileatus were cultivated with different proportions(38%,48%,58%,68%and 83%)of grape branches instead of corncob in the conventional formula.The physicochemical properties of different grape branch culture formulations and the mycelial growth of five edible fungi were studied.The fruiting body tide time,agronomic traits,yield,biological conversion rate,economic benefits,nutritional components and trace elements were investigated.The methods of significance analysis,variance analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to explore the physical and chemical properties of different grape branch culture formulas and their effects on the growth and quality of five edible fungi.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new cultivation substrates for edible fungi,and to provide ideas for the rational utilization of grape branch waste.The main results are as follows:(1)Study on the growth and development of five edible fungi:The five edible fungi could grow and develop normally in different proportions of grape branch culture formula,and the mycelial growth time,fruiting body agronomic traits and yield were significantly different from the control.The mycelial germination time and full bag time of the five edible fungi in the grape branch addition amount of 83%were significantly lower than those of the control,and the mycelial growth was the weakest.When the addition amount of grape branches was 48%,the fruiting bodies of P.ostreatus and P.ostreatus had the best morphology and the shortest tide turning time.The yield,biological conversion rate and economic benefit were significantly higher than those of the control,and the yield was 1.08 and 1.19 times of the control,respectively.When the addition amount of grape branches was 58%,the fruiting bodies of P.cornucopiae,P.geesteranus and P.citrinopileatus had the best morphology and the shortest turning time.The yield,biological conversion rate and economic benefit were significantly higher than those of the control,and the yields were 1.27,1.10 and 1.30 times of the control,respectively.The formula of grape branch culture can shorten the cultivation period of five edible fungi,promote high yield and create higher economic value.(2)The results of the study on the quality of fruiting bodies showed that:Five kinds of edible fungi could be successfully cultivated in different proportions of grape branch culture formula,and the contents of nutrients and trace elements in fruiting bodies were significantly different from those in the control.The grape branch culture material could significantly promote the contents of organic acids,soluble sugar,vitamin C,zinc,calcium and selenium in the fruiting bodies of five edible fungi.Due to the differences between varieties,the contents of crude protein,crude polysaccharide,ash,iron,copper and magnesium in fruiting bodies showed individual inhibition.Among the five edible fungi,grape branch culture material had the most significant effect on the quality of P.geesteranus fruiting body.In the fruiting body of P.geesteranus,the correlation analysis showed that the contents of nutrients and trace elements in the fruiting body decreased with the increase of grape branches.The principal component analysis showed that the quality of the fruiting bodies of the culture materials added with grape branches was better than that of the control.When the addition amount of grape branches was 58%,the quality of fruiting bodies was the best.The formula of grape branch culture material can promote the nutritional components of five edible fungi fruiting bodies,and is a high-quality culture material for producing high-quality edible fungi.(3)The results of the study on the physicochemical properties of the formula of grape branch culture material showed that:The physicochemical properties of grape branch culture medium before and after cultivation were significantly different from those of the control.The pH of the sterilized grape branch culture formula was stable above 6.3 1,and the other physical and chemical indicators were significantly higher than the control.Among the five grape branch culture formulas,the content of each physical and chemical index was the highest and the physical and chemical properties were the most prominent when the grape branch addition amount was 83%.After cultivation,the content of each physical and chemical index in the grape branch culture material was still higher than that of the control,and the absolute value of the difference of each physical and chemical index before and after cultivation was higher than that of the control.The degradation ability of five edible fungi to grape branches was higher than that of corn cob,and grape branches were more conducive to the cultivation of five edible fungi.(4)The relationship between the growth characteristics,yield and quality characteristics of five edible fungi and the formula of culture medium was studied by membership function method.The comprehensive scores of P.cornucopiae,P.geesteranus and P.citrinopileatus were the highest in 58%of grape branches,which were 0.58,0.62 and 0.63,respectively.The comprehensive scores of P.ostreatus and P.ostreatus were the highest in 48%of grape branches,which were 0.61 and 0.62,respectively.In summary,The grape branch culture material can be used as a cultivation substrate for five edible fungi.The cultivation period of P.cornucopiae,P.geesteranus and P.citrinopileatus in the grape branch addition amount of 58％was short,the fruiting body quality was the best,and the yield,biological efficiency and economic value were the highest.The cultivation period of P.ostreatus and P.ostreatus in 48%was short,the quality of fruiting body was the best,and the yield,biological efficiency and economic value were the highest.Grape branch culture material is a new high-quality substrate for cultivating highyield and high-quality edible fungi,which is suitable for application and promotion in production. |
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