| In this study,aiming at the problems of soil nutrient reduction,soil enzyme activity reduction and crop yield reduction caused by long-term film mulching and large-scale application of chemical fertilizers in Ningxia irrigation area,a two-factor experiment of microbial agent and film mulching was carried out in Pingjibao Farm of Ningxia in 2022.Two microbial agents(Junde microbial agent M1,Zhongke chemical compound microbial agent M2)and no microbial agent M0,two films(white biodegradable film WM,black biodegradable film BM)and bare land without covering NM.The effects of different microbial agents combined with plastic film mulching on soil water and heat,soil nutrients and maize growth were analyzed in order to explore the effects of microbial agents on soil water and heat effect,soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity and maize growth and yield,so as to provide theoretical guidance for high yield,high quality and high efficiency cultivation of maize under drip irrigation.The main results are as follows:(1)During the whole growth period of maize,the soil water content of 0-100 cm soil layer under microbial agent M2 treatment was the highest,which was 10.79%higher than that of M0 treatment.The average soil water content in the 0-100 cm soil layer under the black biodegradable film BM was the highest,which was significantly increased by 7.96%compared with the NM without film mulching.Under the interaction of microbial agents and plastic film mulching,the soil water content of M2BM and M2WM treatments was significantly increased by 22.98%and 19.21%,respectively,compared with M0NM treatment.(2)Under different plastic film mulching,30-120 days after sowing,the average soil temperature of 5-25 cm in WM and BM treatments was 1.14%and 10.58%higher than that in NM treatment,respectively,and the difference between treatments was significant.The average soil temperature of different microbial agents showed M2>M1>M0,and M2 significantly increased by 2.20%compared with M0 treatment.Under the interaction of the two factors,the average soil temperature at 30 d and 60 d after sowing was the highest in M2WM treatment and the lowest in M1NM treatment,and M2WM increased by 12.66%and 14.75%respectively compared with M1NM treatment.The average soil temperature at 90 d,120 d and 150 d after sowing was the highest in M2BM treatment and the lowest in M0NM treatment,and M2BM increased by 4.70%,3.79%and 4.05%respectively compared with M0NM.(3)The application of microbial agents and plastic film mulching could increase the nutrient content of 0-20 cm soil layer.From the perspective of microbial agent types,the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in each treatment were M2>M1>M0.Compared with M0,the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in M2 and M1 treatments increased by 9.73%and 4.88%,14.29%and 5.77%,29.62%and 28.20%,21.71%and 13.69%,respectively.From the perspective of plastic film types,the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium all showed BM>WM>NM,and BM and WM treatments increased by 12.25%and 7.22%,19.60%and 11.36%,56.72%and 17.96%,24.37%and 11.34%,respectively,compared with NM.The content of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium under the interaction of the two was the highest in M2BM treatment,which was significantly increased by 25.14%,41.12%,111.24%and 49.31%respectively compared with M0NM treatment.(4)The application of microbial agents and plastic film mulching had a significant effect on soil urease activity.The interaction of the two factors significantly affected the soil urease activity at the seedling,jointing and milky stages of maize.The highest soil urease activity in each period was M2NM,M1NM and M2BM treatments,with an increase of 42.91%-60.58%.The interaction between microbial agent application and plastic film mulching significantly affected soil invertase activity at silking stage and milk stage of maize.Compared with M0NM,M2BM and M1BM treatments significantly increased by 37.12%and 46.75%,respectively.The interaction between microbial agent application and plastic film mulching significantly affected soil catalase activity at silking and milky stages of maize,with the highest increase of 59.07%-70.00%in M2 NM treatment.The interaction of the two factors significantly affected the soil alkaline phosphatase activity at jointing stage,milky stage and mature stage of maize,and M2BM treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than M0NM treatment by 7.52%,5.48%and 59.61%,respectively.(5)The interaction of microbial agent application and plastic film mulching could increase the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index,aboveground dry matter accumulation and SPAD value of maize,and all had the maximum value under M2BM,which was 10.09%,27.12%,29.79%,70.63%and 18.49%higher than M0NM treatment,respectively.Therefore,the interaction between microbial agent M2 and black biodegradable film BM promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the upper part of maize,thus increasing the yield of maize.The yield of M2BM treatment was significantly increased by 23.02%compared with M0NM treatment,and the net income of each treatment was the highest in M2BM treatment,which was significantly increased by 18.80%compared with M0NM treatment.In summary,combined with the factors such as soil water and heat status,soil nutrients,soil enzyme activity,corn yield and economic benefits of corn farmland,the application of microbial agent M2 and the coverage of black biodegradable film are more conducive to the growth of corn on the basis of improving soil water temperature effect,soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity.As a microbial agent,M2 is more in line with the development needs of ecological agriculture,and BM,as an environmentally friendly film,has more development significance and application prospects in corn production. |
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