Evaluation Of Ecological Sensitivity In Southern Mountainous Areas Based On Hydraulic Erosion Impact Factors

With socio-economic development and technological progress,the country’s requirements for ecological environment quality are getting higher and higher.Ecological sensitivity evaluation,as the response of ecosystem to the degree of environmental change,can provide a basis for reasonable improvement of ecological environment.The southern mountainous area of Jinan is an important safeguard for Jinan’s ecological environment,but the unreasonable development and construction have produced certain ecological disturbance and soil erosion.Through water and soil conservation projects and comprehensive management of small watersheds in recent years,water and soil resources and ecological environment have been protected,but there are still some potential ecological problems.This paper evaluates the ecological sensitivity of the southern mountainous area based on the hydraulic erosion factor to clarify the potential ecological and construction problems in the southern mountainous area in recent years,and to provide a scientific basis for ecological construction and management in the southern mountainous area.In this study,six sensitive factors,namely rainfall erosion force factor,soil erodibility factor,elevation factor,slope factor,vegetation cover factor and land use type factor,were selected as the index factors for ecological sensitivity evaluation,and remote sensing and geographic information technology were used to determine the weights and construct a comprehensive evaluation model of watershed ecological sensitivity by introducing hierarchical analysis.A total of five periods,2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020,were selected to calculate the results of each factor calculation.The ecological sensitivity evaluation of the study area was carried out by single-factor and combined-factor methods,and the results showed that:(1)The distribution of rainfall erosion force factor,elevation factor and slope factor values in the study area are all high in the middle and low at both ends,which is due to the high elevation and frequent erosive rainfall in the middle;the K factor values in the study area are distributed more evenly;the area of high cover and high cover in the vegetation cover factor has an increasing trend in five periods,and the area of other cover slightly decreases;the area of arable land and shrubland in the land use type has a decreasing trend,and other types have an increasing trend.(2)The overall distribution of the ecological sensitivity of rainfall erosion force factor in the period from large to small is: 2005>2010>2020>2000>2015;the ecological sensitivity of soil erodibility is mainly dominated by severe sensitivity and extreme sensitivity;the ecological sensitivity of elevation and slope is higher in the central and eastern regions and lower in the west;the ecological sensitivity of vegetation cover in the period The ecological sensitivity of vegetation cover changes over time,with the area of light and moderate sensitivity increasing and the area of other sensitivities decreasing slightly;the ecological sensitivity of land use is mainly moderate sensitivity,and the overall ecological sensitivity shows a decreasing trend over time.(3)The integrated ecological sensitivity of the study area is mainly mild,followed by insensitive and moderate sensitivity,indicating that the overall ecological sensitivity of the study area is not very high.In the five periods of the study,the area of mild sensitivity increased and the area of moderate and extreme sensitivity decreased,indicating that the overall ecological sensitivity of the study area has decreased,indicating that the water conservation measures have been effective in recent years,the ecological environment has been significantly improved,and the overall ecological quality has improved.In summary,it can be seen that this study conducts an ecological sensitivity study of the southern mountainous area of Jinan City based on the impact factors of hydraulic erosion,identifies the key ecological sensitive areas in the southern mountainous area,and has practical significance for the ecological improvement of the study area.