Effects Of Differented Management Modes On The Grain Weight And Protein Content At Spike Layers (Positions) Of Winter Wheat

In this experiment,with a large-spike wheat cultivar‘Tainong 18’was used as the test material,and in the 2021-2022 wheat growing season,a field test was carried out in the experimental field of Dongwu Village,Dawenkou Town,Tai’an City,Shandong Province.Four cultivation modes were set based on many factors such as sowing volume and fertilizer and water operation:traditional mode（T1）,optimization mode（T2）,high yield mode（T3）and re-optimization mode（T4）.,and the wheat group was divided into four spike layers according to the height of the spike layer,namely the upper,middle-upper,middle-lower,and lower spike,and each spike was further divided into three parts:upper,middle and lower.The effects of integrated management modes on the grain weight and protein content at different spike layers and spike positions of winter wheat,and simultaneously improving yield and quality.The main findings are as follows:1 Effects of differented management modes on the number and proportion of spike in different spike layers of winter wheatThe panicle numbers of the upper panicle layer,the middle-upper panicle layer,the middle-lower panicle layer and the lower panicle layer were 10⁴ hm^-2,224.91×10⁴ hm^-2,200.43×10⁴hm^-2,63.75×10⁴ hm^-2,and the panicle numbers accounted for 6.60%,42.95%,38.27%and12.17%.Among them,the number of panicles in the middle-upper panicle layers accounted for the highest,and the number of panicles in the upper panicle layer accounted for the lowest proportion in the middle and lower panicle layers.Compared with the four modes,the total number of panicles per unit area and the number of panicles in the middle and upper and lower middle panicle layers were the highest in T4 mode,while the number of panicles in the lower panicle layer was highest in T2 mode,indicating that the T4 mode mainly increased the number of panicles per unit area by increasing the number of panicles in the middle-upper and lower middle panicle layers.2 Winter wheat has different ear layer（position）grain weight and grain protein contentThe yields of upper panicle layer,middle-upper panicle layer,middle-lower panicle layer and lower panicle layer were 719.99 kg hm^-2,4327.43 kg hm^-2,2985.37 kg hm^-2 and 545.21 kg hm^-2,the output accounted for 8.39%,50.45%,34.80%and 6.36%,the grain weight of single panicle was 2.08g,1.93g,1.49g and 0.85g,and the number of fruiting grains was 48.48 and46.17,respectively.38.61 and 26.63,and the protein content of grain was 11.67%,12.11%,12.38%and 12.71%,respectively.Among them,the yield and proportion of the middle-upper panicle layer were the highest,the yield and proportion of the middle-lower panicle layer were the second,and the yields and proportion of the lower panicle layer were the lowest.The upper panicle layer had the highest grain weight and fruit number,the middle-lower panicle layer had the highest grain weight and the number of fruiting grains,and the lower panicle layer had the lowest grain weight and fruit number.The lower panicle layer had the highest protein content,and the upper panicle layer had the lowest protein content in the middle-lower panicle layers.The yield and quality of the middle-upper panicle layers are the best synergistic,and the middle-lower panicle layers have room for further improvement.The number of fruiting grains and grain weight of each panicle were the highest,the lower panicle was the second,the upper panicle was the lowest,and the main stem panicle was better than the tillers.The protein content of grains in the lower and middle panicles was higher than that in the upper panicles.The yield and quality of the middle panicle position are the best synergistic,and the lower panicle position has further room for improvement.3 Effects of differented management models on grain weight and grain protein content of different panicle layers（positions）of winter wheatCompared with the four modes,the T3 mode had the highest grain yield,the T1 mode had the lowest grain yield,and the yield of T4 mode reached 93.83%of the T3 mode,and the yield increased by 7.15%and 6.12%respectively compared with the T1 and T2 modes.The yield of upper,middle-upper and lower panicle layers was highest in T3 mode,and the yield of lower panicle layer was highest in T2 mode.The grain weight of each panicle layer in T2 and T3mode was significantly higher than that in T1 mode,and there was no significant difference between the single panicle grain weight of each panicle layer in T4 mode and T1 mode.The number of grains in each panicle layer of T1 mode was the largest,the number of grains in each panicle layer in T2 and T4 mode was significantly lower than that of T1 mode,and the T3 mode was significantly lower than that in the upper,middle upper and lower panicle layers.The number of grains in each panicle position in T1 mode was the largest,the number of grain in each panicle position in T2 and T4 mode was significantly lower than that in T1 mode,and the number of grain in each panicle position in T3 mode was lower or equal than that in T1 mode.There is no obvious law in the weight of each panicle between the four patterns.Compared with the four modes,the protein content of T3 mode grain was the highest,and the protein content of T4 mode grain could reach 96.95%of T3 mode,and increased by 5.60%and 2.37%compared with T1 and T2 mode,respectively.The protein content of grains in each panicle layer in T3 mode was the highest,and the protein content in each panicle layer in T1,T2and T4 mode was significantly lower than that in T3 mode.The protein content of grains in each panicle position in T3 mode was the highest,the protein content of each panicle in T1 and T2 mode was significantly lower than that in T3 mode,and the protein content of grains in each panicle position in T4 mode was lower or equal than that of T3 mode.In short,the yield and quality synergy of the middle and upper panicle layers and the middle panicle were the best,and the yield and quality synergy of T3 mode were the best.The above results can provide a reference for the comprehensive use of cultivation management measures to control the structure of panicle layer and the composition of panicle grain in production,and realize the coordination of wheat quantity and quality.