Investigation On The Present Situation Of Grape Industry And Study On High Quality And Efficient Cultivation Technology Of Grape In Henan Jiaozuo

Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the important economic fruit trees in China.the healthy and rapid development of grape industry plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the increasing of rural farmers’ income.therefore,it is of great significance to investigate and analyze the present situation of grape industry in Jiaozuo,and to study the high quality and efficient cultivation technology suitaole for the cultivation and management of grapes in Jiaozuo area,this study investigated and analyzed the current situation of the grape industry in Jiazuo,and analyzed the advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and challenges of the development of the grape industry in Jiaozuo region by using SWOt analysis method.Combined with the characteristics of grape varieties and the local climate and soil conditions in Jiaozuo.the grape varieties suitable for cultivation in Jiaozuo,different rack types,different pruning methods,different fertilization techniques and other new technologies were studied in order to find out the problems existing in the development of the grape industry in Jiaozuo,so as to provide scientific suggestions and strategies for the development of the grape industry in Jiaozuo.At the same time,it provides some theoretical basis for finding new technology suitable for efficient production and management of grapes in Jiaozuo area.the main results obtained in this study are as follows:(1)the grape sales channels in Jiaozuo are diversified,mainly including:local fruit stores,supermarkets,foreign acquisitions,roadside stalls,orchard picking,supply wholesale markets,and wine production.Foreign acquisition is the highest proportion of sales,accounting for 44.52%of the total sales.the varieties of ’Kyoho’,’Summer Black’,’Jumeigui’ and Shine Muscat’ have the largest planting area in Jiaozuo area,and ’Shine Muscat’ has the highest average net income.(2)From January to May and November to December every year,all table grapes in Jiaozuo area come from other provinces or are imported.From June to October,at the peak of grape marketing,grapes in Jiaozuo area can be produced and sold by themselves,but some grapes need to be wholesale from other provinces to meet the diversified demands of the grape market in Jiaozuo area.In Jiaozuo area,grape cultivation is mostly in the open field,and is planted by a large number of scattered farmers,which leads to vicious competition.Moreover,farmers are too eager for high yield and lack of scientific planting methods,leading to poor fruit quality and low selling price.In addition,some of the main grape production parks in Jiaozuo area will also adopt shelter cultivation,greenhouse cultivation and greenhouse cultivation,the market price of grapes produced by these cultivation methods is relatively high.(3)SWOt analysis results showed that the Jiaozuo area has advantages such as superior natural conditions and convenient transportation.At the same time,the industrial structure of the area is in urgent need of transformation,the vigorous development of facility cultivation in the area and the increasing demand for table grapes and wine have promoted the development of the grape industry in the area.However,the development of the grape industry in Jiaozuo area is restricted by frequent natural disasters,unstable market development and other disadvantages,as well as challenges from external grape industry,poor driving force of leading enterprises andweak product competitiveness.(4)Compared with "factory V-shaped rack" and "hedge type rack",the adoption of "double cross type rack" could better improve the germination rate,branching rate,fruit branching rate and fruiting coefficient of ’C rimson Seedless’ grapes in Jiaozu;up to 78.69%,78.78%,57,3%and 1.65,respectively.Compared with "single arm hedge frame",choosing "double cross small V frame" cultivation frame to plant ’Ruby seedless’ grape can effectively reduce the fruit cracking phenomenon and gray mold occurrence of ’Ruby seedless’ grape from 30%and 30%to 1)%and 5%,respectively.(5)In Jiaozuo,the combination of "short shoot pruning" and "long shoot pruning" can be adopted in winter pruning of ’Crimson Seedless’ grapes,which can not only improve the branching rate,germination rate and fruit percentage of’Crimson Seedless’ grapes,but also improve the fruit coefficient.In the process of fertilization management of ’Crimson Seedless’ grapes in Jiaozuo area,the application of organic fertilizer can effectively improve the smoothness of the fruit surface of ’Crimson Seedless’ grapes,but also promote the coloring and sugar accumulation of ’Crimson Seedless’ grapes,and increase the single grain weight and yield of ’Crimson Seedless’ grapes.(6)When planting ’Shine Muscat’ and ’Summer Black’ grapes in Jiaozuo area,it is simple and practical to adopt the method of double topping(twice leaving two leaves for topping),and can also effectively improve the natural fruit setting rate of grapes.However,when planting ’Shine Muscat’ and ’Summer Black’ grapes in Jiaozuo area,even without inflorescence arrangement,it has little effect on the uniformity and quality of grape ears,and can also increase the average single grain weight of grapes by 1.8 g and 1 g,respectively.