The Key Techniques Of Pollution-free Cultivation For Grape(Vitis Vinifera L.) In Jinhua

Along with the people living standard improvement, the green and pollution-free grape has become the market hotspot and the preference of consumer. Jinhua is one of the dominating production areas of grape in south China and grape is also a local agricultural product with the high efficiency and superiority. The cultivation scale is large, the total area amounts to beyond 4000 hectares. Because Jinhua is located in south China with high temperature and much rain, local grape production always suffers from serious diseases. The yearly average spraying times of pesticide on unprotected cultivation grape reaches as high as 20 to 30, so the problems of the chemical remainder in fruits and so on is striking. In view of these questions, we consulted the related reference, the general production situations and the latest development trends of grape of domestic and overseas, outside and inside the province and the peripheral region were summarized. The basic status of grape production in Jinhua was investigated and analysed. The emphases in this paper were put on the following researches about the key technology of pollution-free cultivation, including the structural design of rain-shed, the climatic factor regulation under rain-preventing cultivation pattern, the daily practice and management, the inquisition of disease development pattern, disease prevention and control and bagging technology of grape. The main results of this research are as following.1,Making clear the basic grape production status of Jinhua through investigationThe grape cultivation area in existence of Jinhua District has exceeded 4000 hectares for the moment. 90% grape grows in the open air, while the area of greenhouse and rain-shed planting is about 10%. The proportion of early-ripening, middle-ripening and late-ripening variety is 1:7:1, and the leading varieties are Fujiminori, Kyoho, Jingya, Beni Fuji, and Jingyu. In recent years, above 100 grape varieties were introduced into Jinhua. Among them, Yatomi Rosa, Ogoust, Victoria, Red Globe, Xiahei and Jumeigui display well in the production.Nowaday, there are many problems in grape production. Chemical fertilizer and pesticide are excessively sprayed. The problems of fruit security and environment pollution is outstanding. Some people only pursue high yields and then the quality of fruit was impacted. The planting scale of per household is small, also is the protective cultivation proportion. The management manner is backward and the organization degree is low.2,Design and generalization of a new structural pattern of rain-shedConsidering the problems existed in production application of ordinary rain-preventing shed, a new steel wire skeleton rain-shed of grape was designed by comparision experiments. The new type rain-shed has many advantages. For example, investment and labor saving, convenient management, stronger ability against wind, rain, snow and other bad climate factor, extensive structural adaption. At the present time, this structure has popularized and applicated in production.3,Further understanding the key technology of Jinhua grape canopy cultivationTechnology of grape rain-prevention cultivation after acceleration and lime-nitrogen application were systematically studied. The rule of grape disease occurrence with equipment is clear. Comparison with culvation in the open air, incidence of Ripe Rot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioide) , Anthracnos (Spheceloma ampelimun de Bary.) and Downy Mildew (Plasmopara viticola) is less, incidence of Grey Mold (Botrytis cinerea) is more severe, incidence of White Rot [(Coniella diplodiella (speg.) Petrak &Sydow)] and Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator) also has increased tendency. It is suggested that elevating the fruit-set position can alleviate fruit disease. Moreover, the fungicide prevention technology of each grape disease was summarized.4,Launching pollution-free cultivation experiment in the farmScala 40% SC and Iprodione 40% SC are used single or together to prevent grape Grey Mold (Botrytis cinerea) in the field. Data showed that the best choice was Scala 40% SC diluted 1500 volumes. Scala 40% SC diluted 1700 volumes plus Iprodione 40% SC diluted 3000 volumes, Scala 40% SC diluted 1700 volumes and Procymidone 50%WP diluted 1000 volumes had better effects than other treatments. Cuprofix also used to prevent the main disease of grape. It indicated that application of Cuprofix 78% 500 volumes continuously had better effects on grape Downy Mildew than ordinary bactericide application and the prevention efficiency on Ripe Rot was equivalent to ordinary bactericide application.5,Carrying out bagging experiment and screening optimal paper bagThe final results demonstrates that the white paper bags of Taiwan Shengda, Japanese Xiaolin, Dongkou Jinxing, Tianjin Xingguo have better effects on fruit quality than other bag and the optimal bagging time is 10～25 days after anthesis.Through extending pollution-free cultivation techniques, the pesticide spraying time has been reduced, the fruit quality has also been improved. Therefore, the safe and non-polluted grape can be produced to meet the market demand and the persistent development of grape production will be fulfilled.