| With the development of agricultural technology,the facility vegetable cultivation is becoming more and more common.The planting area of tomato in greenhouses is expanding year by year,and it has become one of the main vegetable crops in the autumn crop in greenhouses.However,in recent years,autumn tomatoes in Henan greenhouses are faced with production problems such as high planting cost,declining planting area,declining yield,declining quality and declining benefit.At the same time,it also suffers from many adverse stress problems,such as high temperature and humidity in the early stage,low temperature and weak light in the late stage,frequent occurrence of diseases and pests and low fruit setting rate,which greatly affects cultivation,yield,quality and benefit.How to restore the normal production of autumn tomatoes,meet the market supply of autumn tomatoes,and realize the improvement of quality and efficiency,has become an urgent production problem that the tomato industry needs to solve.In this study,autumn tomato in greenhouses was taken as the object.Through field tests and physiological measurements,the growth and development,stress,disease,fruit setting and yield of autumn tomato in greenhouses were studied in order to improve the green production level of autumn tomato and improve the supply capacity of high-quality seedlings in autumn tomato production base.Specific test results are as follows:(1)Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on growth,early fruit setting and Yield of tomato seedlings in Autumn:Plant growth regulator applied in autumn tomato seedling stage had significant effect on seedling height and stem diameter control.Compared with CK,the plant height of seedlings treated with Aizhuangin + potassium dihydrogen phosphate,chlorophyll and Controllwang168 decreased by 37.31%,25.32% and 26.03%,respectively.Chlorophyll content increased by 45.32%,5.36% and 46.27%,respectively.The above ground fresh quality of seedlings decreased by 21.30%,15.53% and 13.24%,respectively.Chlorophyll treatment significantly increased the content of Pro by 42.62%,decreased the content of MDA by 20.21%,and the growth rate of seedling index was 97.56%.There were significant differences in the effect.The root volume and root activity of Aizhuangin + potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment were significantly increased by 23.20% and 33.04%,reaching 36.18μg/g·h.After planting in the field,the growth inhibition effect of dwarf hormone + potassium dihydrogen phosphate and chlorophyll was the most obvious,which decreased 34.41% and 20.13%,respectively.In tomato plants treated with chlorophyll,the fruit enlargement effect of the first ear was the most prominent,the fruit setting rate and the number of fruits were the highest,and the fruit yield of the first ear could be increased by 52.82% and 28.95%.In conclusion,the effects of the three treatments were in the order of chlorophyll > dwarf hormone + potassium dihydrogen phosphate > control Wang 168.Chlorophyll and dwarf hormone + potassium dihydrogen phosphate were most suitable for seedling control and cultivation of strong seedlings,and could be popularized in production.(2)Effects of different Hua-preserving and fruit-preserving agents on fruit setting rate,yield and fruit quality of autumn tomato: The application of hua-preserving and fruit-preserving agents "Shangguo" and "An-Yiguo" promoted the growth of the first ear of autumn tomato,and the expansion rate was the most obvious,while "Zaobao" promoted the expansion rate of the second ear significantly,increasing the single fruit weight of the second ear by 18.8%;The fruit-setting rate and yield of flower panicle were improved."Shangguo" could increase the fruit-setting rate and single fruit weight of the first panicle,and increase the fruit-setting rate of the second panicle of "Dingkang No.1" by 38.33%.The incidence of malformed fruit was reduced by 25.0% by "Ziguo Bao" and 13.07% by "Shangguo" in the second ear.The vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of "Shang II Guo" and "Anyi Guo" were the highest.In conclusion,the application of flower preservation and fruit preservation agents can promote the growth and development of autumn tomato to a certain extent.The three kinds of flower preservation and fruit preservation agents have the most significant effect on promoting the growth of ear,improving the fruit-setting rate of flower ear,reducing the occurrence of malformed fruit,improving the yield and fruit quality,and are the most suitable flower preservation and fruit preservation agents with comprehensive effects.(3)Investigation and analysis of important characters of new tomato varieties in greenhouses: HBS2,BS6,HBS5,XJ10,T21567 showed low first inflorescence node,high flowering,high fruit setting rate,significant single fruit,and excellent overall agronomic characters.The varieties TL6 and 21-25 had many flowers,high fruit setting rate,heavy single fruit,but low first inflorescence node.LJ162-2,JC8,BR3,HD618,GX60 had good resistance to tomato yellow leaf curve virus disease and gray mold.There were great differences in ear bending among varieties,and the varieties with low bending rate were GX6,21-25,JC8,HD618,BS6,BR3,286,which had the lowest bending rate,indicating that their leaves had the highest flexibility during bending and were not easy to break.Different varieties of tomato plants had different tolerance to the same concentration of flower and fruit preservation agent.Compared with the tested varieties,it was found that the comprehensive performance of variety T21567 was the most prominent,with high resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease,low incidence of gray mold,and no serious ear bending phenomenon.The fruit setting rate of the first inflorescence was 83.8%,followed by LJ162-2(4)Investigation and analysis of labor-saving cultivation technology: In order to explore the model of labor-saving cultivation technology for autumn tomato planting,according to the law of water,fertilizer and nutrient requirements of tomatoes in different growth stages,fertilization with water is realized,and a small amount of fertilizer is applied evenly and accurately near the crop root system multiple times to achieve For the purpose of saving water,fertilizer,labor,increasing production and increasing efficiency,the labor-saving chemical nutrient solution soil cultivation technology experiment was carried out.The test shows that the greenhouse is built of cement bamboo and wood,the arch rods and tie rods are bamboo poles,the columns are cement columns,and the covering material is transparent and drip-free plastic film.The length is not less than 80 m,the span is 8m,the shoulder height is 1.4m,and the column Install one every 3m,should be mechanized operation.The application of agricultural machinery can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of agricultural production,alleviate the problem of labor shortage,reduce labor costs,and realize agricultural mechanization in multiple links such as automatic ridging,loosening of soil,and fertilization.Drip irrigation,water and fertilizer integrated cultivation technology,precision fertilization,straw in-situ no-tillage returning to the field and other means can reduce production costs while improving crop quality and yield,and maximize the economic benefits of agricultural production. |
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