Study On The Process And Control Mechanism Of Farmland "Non-grain" From The Perspective Of Rural Multi-value Realization

Farmland protection is the key to implement the current "big food concept" and ensure national food security.Driven by the strategy of new urbanization and rural revitalization,a large number of industrial and commercial capital goes to the countryside,which makes the way of using farmland based on comparative benefits change from traditional grain production to a variety of production modes,and the phenomenon of farmland "non-grain" becomes prominent.As an important starting point and core driving force to realize the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas,rural multiple values have a profound impact on the production,life,thinking and behavior mode of rural multiple subjects with the deepening of urban and rural transition.As the logical starting point of rural development,rural multiple subjects will change the way of using farmland according to their own needs in the process of realizing rural values to maximize their interests.How to fully stimulate the endogenous power of rural areas,avoid the farmland “non-grain”,relieve the pressure of supply and demand of farmland resources to ensure the national food security is the key to the process of realizing rural multi-value.Therefore,following the logical approach of“relationship deconstruction--process analysis--type division--control path”,this paper takes Chongqing,the national grain production and marketing balance area,as the typical research area,takes farmland “non-grain” as the research object,starts with the scientific cognition of rural multiple values,draws on relevant theories,and defines the connotation characteristics of rural multiple values.Deconstruct the correlation logic between rural multiple value and farmland "non-graini",and collect the vector data and statistical data needed for research at different time points(2010,2015,2020)in Chongqing districts and counties: Descriptive statistical analysis,Theil index and exploratory spatial analysis(ESDA)were used to quantitatively evaluate the farmland“non-grian”,and the spatial comparison and time series analysis were carried out respectively to clarify the general law of the spatial-temporal evolution of the farmland“non-grain”.Based on the connotation characteristics of rural multiple value,the index system of rural multiple value was constructed,and the spatial lag model(SLM)and spatial error model(SEM)in the spatial measurement model were used for comparative analysis,to clarify the induced mechanism of farmland “non-grain” in the process of realizing rural multiple value.The rural multi-value evaluation model was established and the dominant value recognition method was used to determine the dominant value in the process of realizing the multi-value in each district,county and village,and then the types and spatial pattern characteristics of farmland “non-grain” were defined.Based on this,the differentiated control measures of farmland “non-grain” were proposed.The research conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Rural multi-value is the unity of rural multi-function and natural resources under certain social conditions.As one of the expression forms of farmland utilization change in the process of realizing rural multi-value,farmland “non-grain” has a certain mutual feed-relationship in the process of realizing rural value,which provides a new perspective and new ideas for the study of farmland “non-grain”.By referring to the regional system theory of man-land relationship,resource scarcity theory and sustainable development theory,combined with the field investigation and perception,the multiple rural values are divided into production value,life value,ecological value and cultural value.As one of the manifestations of the change of the use of farmland in rural areas,there is a certain mutual feeding relationship between the two in different stages of the rural value transition,which deepens the theoretical connotation of the research of farmland “non-grain” and provides a new perspective and idea for the research of farmland “non-grain”.(2)In the process of spatio-temporal evolution,the farmland in Chongqing presents different temporal evolution characteristics,which is manifested by different spatial differentiation pattern.In terms of the temporal evolution,the rate of “non-grain”in Chongqing presents a complex and non-linear trend of continuous growth,showing a relatively obvious dynamic change and temporal evolution,rising from 36.87% in 2010 to 42.87% in 2020.The “non-grain” rate of farmland from high to low is the main city metropolitan area,southeast Chongqing Wuling Mountain area town group,northeast Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir area town group.The spatial distribution difference between regions gradually Narrows down,and the growth rate of farmland “non-grain”restricted by policies slows down.In terms of spatial evolution,the "non-grainization" of Chongqing presents the characteristics of "outward expansion" from the west to the east and gradually from the central and western urban areas to the surrounding counties in some small areas.The spatial trend is high in the west and low in the east,low in the north and high in the south,and there is a significant spatial aggregation feature and it remains stable for a long time.The difference degree of farmland “non-grain” in the whole city,within and between regions decreased obviously;High concentration areas of farmland “non-grain” are mainly concentrated in Shapingba,Dadukou,Jiulongpo and other main urban areas.(3)The farmland “non-grain” is the result of the joint action of different value elements in the process of realizing rural multiple values.Under the guidance of multiple functions played by various elements,rural multiple subjects adopt a series of behavioral responses to meet their own needs,and ultimately drive the “non-grain” or“grainization” of farmland use.Based on theoretical analysis and reference to the relevant research of rural multiple value,combined with the understanding of the actual situation of rural space in field research,the current situation of rural development in Chongqing and the opinions of experts in related disciplines,the paper comprehensively determined 14 indicators to construct the index system of rural multiple value,based on the analysis results of the spatial metrological model and the analysis of the induced mechanism of arable land “non-grain”.It was revealed that the per capita area of farmland,agricultural mechanization level,rural Engel coefficient,soil and water loss rate and water network density index had significant negative effects on the farmland“non-grian”,while the density of road network,per capita housing area,pesticide and fertilizer application intensity and the proportion of expenditure on education,culture and entertainment had significant positive effects on the farmland “non-grian”.Therefore,the farmland “non-grain” is the result of the comprehensive action of various value elements in the process of realizing rural multi-value.(4)Identify the types of farmland “non-grain” and determine its spatial pattern characteristics,and then propose the differentiated management and control paths of farmland “non-grain” and fully explore the multiple values of rural areas,which can provide important theoretical guidance for breaking through the current dilemma of“non-grain” farmland and implementing food security.It can also provide practical reference for the key regional demonstration effect of coordinating the relationship between rural economic development and resource and environment constraint in southwest hilly area and even other regions of Chongqing to further promote regional sustainable development.Based on the inducement mechanism of farmland “non-grain”and the results of multiple value evaluation in rural areas,the types of farmland“non-grain” in Chongqing were divided into five types: production-ecological value leading type,production-life-ecological value leading type,production-eco-cultural value leading type,life-eco-cultural value leading type and comprehensive value type.According to the control principle of classifying policies according to local conditions,the control idea of "optimizing rural traditional agriculture,improving the quality of agricultural development,strengthening and implementing the rural ecological value in the reservoir area,and making up for the shortcomings of rural life and cultural value" is put forward.The production-life-ecological value-oriented mode follows the control idea of "making full use of the national policy preference and local policy support,promoting the deep integration of the primary,secondary and tertiary industries,perfecting the grain subsidy system,and establishing the mechanism of connecting the interests of rural subjects".The production-ecology-cultural value-oriented approach follows the control idea of "perfecting the supporting infrastructure of agricultural production,promoting the construction of appropriate and appropriate mechanisms,improving grain production conditions,and developing mountain characteristic industries relying on ecological and cultural resources".The life-ecology-cultural value-oriented approach follows the control idea of "inheriting the current rural value level,improving the rural welfare level,invigorating rural land resources,and ensuring the quantity and quality of food production".The comprehensive value-oriented approach follows the control idea of "giving full play to the growth pole effect of the main city metropolitan area,strengthening the planning and leading the structure layout of rural land use,establishing the bottom line awareness of food security,and strengthening the supervision of farmland use".