| Arable land is the foundation of the existence and development of human.It plays an important role in providing agri-food products and safeguarding national food security.It also has ecological functions such as climate regulation,soil and water conservation,pollutant purification,as well as recreational recreation and farming cultural inheritance.However,with the acceleration of the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,the drastic expansion of construction land has occupied a large amount of arable land.Therefore,it is urgent to analysis the current status of farmland protection and propose a scientific and reasonable farmland protection plan.Wenzhou City is choosed to be the study area,because it is an economic developed city in the east coast of China with large population but less arable land.Based on remote sensing and geographic information systems,we analysed the quantity quality and spatial variations of arable land from the perspective of the arable land occupation and supplementary in Wenzhou City from 2005 to 2014 and further analysed the cultivation situation of gained arable land and its driven mechanism,then we summarized the existing problems of the arable land requisition-compensation balance policy,and proposed the necessity of rigid protection of high-quality arable land with spatial planning,finally the comprehensive assessment of the current situation of arable land in Wenzhou was conducted from the perspective of production,ecology,and landscape aesthetic functions,the red line of arable protection was established,and the classification and control zones for permanent basic farmland were delineated,and corresponding management and control measures were proposed.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)From the perspectives of construction occupation and arable land compensation,the changes in the quantity,quality,and spatial distribution of arable land during the period of 2005-2010 and 2010-2014 were analyzed.The results showed that,the purpose of keeping the quantity balance of arable land was reached during the period studied.However,in terms of spatial distribution,the occupied arable lands were mainly concentrated in the city center and the eastern coastal plain area.These areas have high water network density,good irrigation conditions,and perfect agricultural infrastructure,which are traditional agricultural farming areas.While the the gained lands were more scattered and were distributed in mountainous areas with higher altitudes and further away from rivers.Therefore,there was a trend of consuming prime cultivated land for urbanization while compensating with less productive land.(2)Many studies have analyzed arable land loss,but less attention has been paid to land reclamation,and the utilization of reclaimed land remains unclear.Based on the data of the reclaimed arable land projects in Wenzhou City from 2008 to 2014,we used Google Earth and high-resolution satellite imagery to identify the efficiency of the cultivation of gained arable land.The results showed that only 37%of the total reclaimed land area was under cultivation,and other lands were still bare or had been covered by trees and grasses.We further analyzed the driving factors and mechanisms that influence the land utilization process.From the three aspects of physical geography,distance,and neighborhood relationships,14 factors that may influence farmers’ farming decisions were selected.Based on Logistic regression analysis model,seven factors that have a significant impact on the utilization process were obtained,according to the degree of impact from high to low,the factors were:percentage of forest land area within a 500 m radius,degree of adjacency of reclaimed land parcel to surrounding forest parcels,degree of adjacency of reclaimed land parcel to surrounding arable parcels,elevation,the distance to the nearest rural settlement,whether it is within the ecological reserve and the soil fertility.Among them,the land use type of neighboring or adjacent parcels played the most important roles in the utilization of gained arable land.The cultivation probability of a parcel increased with the increased degree of adjacency of a parcel to surrounding arable parcels,and decreased with the increased degree of adjacency of a parcel to surrounding forest parcels.These results also confirm the research hypothesis that the cultivation of gained arable land mainly occurs at low cost of cultivation with high potential production capacity.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out scientific and reasonable land reclamation planning in consideration of the driving factors of land utilization.(3)Based on the analysis of the results of the implementation of the arable land requisition-compensation balance policy in Wenzhou City in the first two parts,the problems existing in the process of arable land requisition-compensation balance policy in China were summed up in the following three aspects:First,the phenomena of occupation high quality arable land and supplementation with low quality arable land were obvious in China.The arable lands occupied by the construction were mostly flat and the soil fertility was relatively high,and the natural conditions of reclaimed arable lands were relatively poor.Second,the cultivation efficiency of reclaimed arable lands was relatively low.The farmers’willingness to cultivate were not high,and the phenomenon of idle reclaimed arable land was widespread.Third,reclaimtion arable land from natural lands may have a negative impact on the ecological environment.Therefore,the implementation of the arable land dynamic balance policy was not satisfactory.It is passive to achieve protection through compensation.The key solution is to strengthen the protection of the highest quality arable land resources from spatial planning.The basic farmland protection system aims to strengthen the protection of arable land,especially the best arable land.However,there are still deficiencies in the current demarcation of permanent basic farmland,such as delineation of subjectivity,poor protection of high-quality arable land,"One size fits all" management of basic farmland.Under the new normal,the method of delineation permanent basic farmland and its regulatory rules should also to be adjusted in time.In accordance with the principle of "protection priority",a scientific method should be developed to give consideration to the multi-function of arable land to realize the permanent protection of truly valuable farmland.(4)Based on the digital land use data of Wenzhou City in 2014,a comprehensive evaluation of the production,ecological and landscape aesthetics of arable land was conducted.The arable land with the largest scale and value was delineated in the permanent basic farmland redline.In the end,the arable land in Wenzhou City was divided into "priority zone","suitable zone" and "unsuitable zone".Among them,①"Priority zone" is preferentially allocated to be protected as permanent basic arable land,with a total area of 78700.27 hectares,accounting for 27.73%of the total arable area,which have the best production,ecological,or landscape functions.It is the core of the basic farmland protection in Wenzhou,and is mainly located in the eastern coastal area and the plain areas between the Lancang River,Feiyun River and Lancang River basin;②"Suitable zone",which is suitable to be protected as permanent basic arable land,with a total area of 128482.32 hectares,accounting for 45.27%of the total arable area.Compared with Priority zone,the productivity,connectivity,ecological and landscape functions of this type of arable land are relatively weak,but still can be improved;③"Unsuitable zone",which is not suitable to be included in the area,with a total area of 76661.16 hectares,accounting for 27.01%of the total arable area.There are significant limitations on the natural quality,topographic conditions,farming conditions,or connectivity of this type of arable land.In terms of spatial distribution,it is mainly distributed sporadically,and the land area is relatively small,a part of the cultivated land is surrounded by other land types,showing an island status.(5)Finally,according to the results of the comprehensive evaluation of arable land,the permanent basic farmland is divided into the permanent basic farmland baseline area and the permanent basic farmland general area.The priority area should be included in the baseline area of permanent basic farmland,and the suitable area should be included in the general area of permanent basic farmland.Unsuitable area should not be included in the permanent basic farmland,and should be identified as general farmland.The priority zone is the "baseline" of arable land protection,the core area of the permanent basic farmland,and the region that implements the strictest protection of arable land and grain production capacity;the suitable zone belongs to the general area of permanent basic farmland,should be included in the restricted construction area.Arable land in Unsuitable zone should be gradually returned to forest if it is surrounded by forest land,and integrating it into ecological space.It is recommended that in the future work of arable land protection,the government must strengthen the planning of source management of high-quality arable land.Secondly,it is necessary to scientifically carry out land consolidation to improve the quality of cultivated land,and improve agricultural production conditions.Thirdly,attention should be paid to improving the stability and ecological service function of arable land ecosystem,improving the connectivity of arable land landscape network through the construction of field corridors,vigorously developing green ecological agriculture,and building a modern ecological agriculture production model with ecological,economic and social values.The fourth is to develop the aesthetic function of cultivated land landscape in a timely manner under the premise of retaining the original ecology of cultivated land landscape and maintaining its own characteristics,through the scientific and professional planning and design. |
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