Selection Of Single Plant For Superior Fruit Of Xanthoceas Sorbifolium Bunge

Xanthoceas sorbifoliumis peculiar to our country oil tree species,seeds with high oil content,can be used as high quality edible oil,can also be used for making biodiesel.At present,the planting area of Venguan fruit is large but the yield is generally low,which is far from meeting the market demand.It has become an urgent problem to be solved in the production of Venguan fruit.In this study,the provenances of Venomocarp were taken as the research object,the appearance traits and contents of inclusions of venomocarp during the ripening process were dynamically determined,and the yield,phenotypic traits,oil content and composition,amino acid content and composition of mature fruits of different venomocarp provenances were systematically studied,and excellent provenances were selected by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.It provides excellent afforestation materials for the cultivation of high yield and high quality fruit forest.The main results are as follows:（1）During fruit ripening,the fresh weight of single fruit increased first and then d ecreased,the dry weight of single fruit increased gradually,the vertical and horizontal d iameter of fruit did not change significantly,and the shell thickness decreased gradually.The fresh and dry weight of kernel increased gradually,and the water content decreased continuously.The contents of soluble sugar and starch in kernel decreased continuously,while the contents of soluble protein and oil increased continuously,and the accumulat ion rate showed a trend of first fast and then slow.The variation trend of IAA content i n seed kernel was"N"type,while the contents of ZR,GA₃ and ABA decreased contin uously.（2）The phenotypic traits of different provenances showed abundant variation,the v ariation coefficient of each trait ranged from 2.98%to 67.86%,and the average phenoty pic differentiation coefficient among provenances was 34.74%,indicating that the contrib ution rate of genetic variation among provenances was small.There was significant correl ation between single fruit fresh weight,single fruit seed weight and 1000-grain weight.（3）The oil content of seed kernel of X.sorbifoliumis was 67.38%.The fatty acids in the seeds of the fruit mainly consist of saturated fatty acids（palmitic acid,stearic acid）and unsaturated fatty acids（oleic acid,linoleic acid）,and the unsaturated fatty acids account for about 85%of all fatty acids.（4）The total amount of free amino acids was 249.50～500.35mg/100g in the kerns of X.sorbifoliumis,and the proportion of essential amino acids was higher,which was in line with the FAO/WHO standard model of 40%.The content of amino acids was 31.56～49.30%,and the first limiting amino acids were methionine and cysteine.The essential amino acid index of the seed was higher,and the amino acids that contributed more to taste were glutamic acid（umami）,histidine（sweet）and arginine（bitter）.（5）The 14 provenances and 38 individual plants were evaluated by principal component analysis,and the 14 provenances were grouped into 3 groups by cluster analysis,Fengtai of Anhui Province,Ledu of Qinghai Province,Zhangye of Gansu Province,Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province and Chaoyang of Liaoning were high yield groups.Kashi（Xinjiang）,Baicheng（Jilin）,Changji（Xinjiang）and Bayannur（Inner Mongolia）Province belong to the middle class group;Chifeng of Inner Mongolia,Yulin of Shaanxi,Wengniute Banner of Inner Mongolia,Qinyang of Henan and Jianping of Liaoning are low-yielding groups.The 38 individual plants were grouped into three categories:the first type was high yield type,containing 3 individual plants;The second type was medium yield type,including 8 individual plants.The last low yield type contains 27 individual plants.Based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis,the best provenance was Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province and Ledu of Qinghai Province,and the best single plant was LD655,BN215 and CF241.