| 【 Object 】 Soil cultivation,rock wool cultivation and hydroponics cultivation under short-range cultivation conditions were compared.The short-range tomato production and cultivation mode with the best comprehensive benefits was selected from the perspective of tomato growth and development,yield,quality,water and fertilizer utilization and economic benefits.Meanwhile,principal component analysis method was used to extract the principal components of influencing factors to simulate the water consumption of the three cultivation modes.In order to compare the applicability of three cultivation models of water consumption in production.【Methods】The tomato variety tested in the experiment is’ Fengshou’.Four treatments are set up,namely soil cultivation(S),rock wool cultivation(R),water culture without adjusting nutrient solution temperature(H)and water culture with adjusting nutrient solution temperature(HT).Each treatment has an independent cultivation tank(S: length,width and height of 100,18 and 30 cm;R: conventional rock wool cultivation tank;H and HT: length,width and height of 100,20 and 20 cm).【Results】(1)The plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and leaf number of tomato treated with R in spring and summer stubble and autumn and winter stubble had the fastest growth rate,with significant differences.The growth of H and HT treatments was better than that of S,and the difference was significant.There was no significant difference between the two hydroponic treatments.Compared with S,H,and HT,the dry matter accumulation in the aboveground part of R treatment in spring and summer was significantly higher by 86.12%,42.45%,and 40.00%;Compared with S,the aboveground dry matter of R,H and HT in autumn and winter stubble increased by 128.38%,107.15% and 119.74%.(2)Compared with S treatment,the yield of R,H and HT per plant increased by 66.64%,24.64% and30.92% in spring and summer after four ears of fruit;Compared with S,the yield of R,H,and HT in autumn and winter stubble increased by 68.56%,53.95%,and 59.32%.The yield per plant of all treatments in autumn and winter stubble was significantly higher than that in spring and summer stubble.The yield of S,R,H and HT per plant of autumn and winter stubble increased by 40.12%,41.74%,73.06% and 70.52%compared with that of spring and summer stubble,and the yield of hydroponics was the highest.The hardness of tomato treated with S in spring and summer and autumn and winter was the highest compared with other treatments;The transverse and longitudinal diameters of fruit in R treatment were larger than those in other treatments;The soluble solid content,the ratio of sugar to acid and the nitrate content of hydroponic tomato were the highest;The Vc content of hydroponic culture in spring and summer is the best,and the Vc content of S treatment in autumn and winter is the best.(3)Regardless of the evaporation water consumption of the cultivation mode,the water use efficiency is calculated by monitoring the water consumption of plants.The order of water use efficiency of different treatments in spring and summer and autumn and winter is H>HT>R>S.(4)The annual income per square meter of different cultivation modes under short-range cultivation is as follows: H>HT>S>R.The profit per unit area of treatment H is the highest,1.11,3.56 and 1.41 times that of HT,R and S.The net profit per square meter is 49.141 yuan,and the profit per square meter of treatment R is the lowest,13.7902 yuan.(5)Using principal component analysis to reduce the dimensions of meteorological factors,a multivariate principal component regression model for tomato evapotranspiration under different modes of short-range cultivation was established using multiple regression modeling.The measured and predicted values were used to fit.The R2 values of S,R,and H treatments were 0.8866,0.8717,and 0.875,with the average relative error(MRE)of 14.44%,24.40%,and 37.46%,and the standard deviation(RMSE)of 22.37 ml,45.04 ml,and 74.82 ml,respectively,The relative error of S is less than 20%.When the intercept is 0,the R2 of the actual value and the predicted value of the water consumption model of tomato treated with S,R and H are 0.8308,0.8662 and 0.8742,the relative error(MRE)is 7.38%,19.13% and 34.22%,and the standard deviation(RMSE)is 11.14 ml,37.30 ml and 70.21 ml.【Conclusion】(1)Through the entropy weight method-TOPSIS model,the growth and development,yield and quality,water use,and economic benefits of tomato under different cultivation modes were analyzed.Finally,the comprehensive score of tomato under water culture(H)without adjusting the temperature of nutrient solution was the highest.This model can be used as a promotion model for short-range tomato cultivation in northern China.(2)The applicability of the water consumption model of the three main models of soil cultivation,rock wool cultivation and hydroponic cultivation was studied.It was found that the applicability of the water consumption model established by the principal component analysis of soil cultivation was better than the other two cultivation models,and the accuracy was higher.The model established by this method could provide a reference for the precise management of water production of short-range soil cultivation tomato in northern China. |
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