Research On The Spatiotemporal Evolution And Influencing Factors Of Forest Resources In Southern Collective Forest Areas Under The Background Of Forest Rights System Reform

As the largest developing country,China’s forest resources are an indispensable material basis for national economic construction,people’s production and living,and the construction of ecological civilization.The collective forest area in south of China is the main distribution area of collective forest land,and the regional forest coverage reaches60%,which is of great value to the ecological protection,economic benefits and social security of the whole country.It has been nearly 20 years since the pilot implementation of the new round of collective forest right system reform in China in 2003.The implementation of the policy has established a set of forestry management and development mechanisms for invigorating the forest and enriching the people by clarifying the property rights,releasing the management rights,implementing the disposal rights,and ensuring the right to income.The progress and effect of the policy have attracted much attention from all walks of life.Studies by scholars have shown that the clarity of forest land property rights and the autonomy of circulation stimulate the enthusiasm of forest farmers in production,encourage them to increase the allocation of production factors,strengthen the management and protection of forests,and thus improve the operating income of forest farmers;In terms of ecology,the reform of the collective forest rights system has promoted the improvement of the quantity and quality of forest resources,and can indirectly reduce the number of forest fires,so as to further protect the ecological benefits of forest resources,better play the carbon fixation effect of forest resources,and provide strong and effective support for the realization of the"double carbon"goal in China;However,some scholars believe that the income-increasing effect of the reform of the collective forest right system is not obvious,and has no significant impact on the total amount of forest resources such as the area of forest land and the volume of living trees.Based on this,this study is based on the integration of geography and economics,innovative data acquisition and model construction methods,and the implementation of the reform policy of collective forest rights system has important theoretical and practical significance for the study of forest resources benefit evaluation.In order to explore the relationship between the reform of the collective forest right system and the changes in the quantity and quality of forest resources,this study,based on the panel data of 143 prefecture-level cities in the southern collective forest region of China from 1995 to 2020,selected two factors of forest quantity and forest quality to measure the growth of forest resources in the southern collective forest region.Supported by property rights theory,forest transformation theory and human-land relationship theory,Using remote sensing image data and socio-economic statistical data,combined with literature analysis method,spatiotemporal statistical analysis method,remote sensing and geographic information system method,multi-period DID regression model and other methods,to explore the role of collective forest right system reform on forest resources,and carried out horizontal trend test and placebo test to ensure the feasibility of the model and more accurate and reliable results.The main research conclusions are as follows:（1）There are obvious differences in the quantity of forest resources in the southern collective forest areas.From the perspective of time,the land use types in the southern collective forest region have changed significantly,with forest land,cultivated land and grassland accounting for more than 96%of the total area;The transfer and change of various land types mainly occurs between cultivated land,forest land and construction land;In the past 25 years,the area of grassland decreased the most,18654.96km²,and the area of construction land increased the most significantly,with a cumulative increase of32226.22km²,the highest annual dynamic change of 6.657%,and the cumulative decrease of 3120.36km²of forest land,with an annual dynamic change of only-0.009%.The area transferred from forest land to cultivated land was the largest,followed by grassland;The forest area showed a fluctuating trend from 1995 to 2020,which coincided with the important time nodes of the implementation of the reform of the collective forest right system and the growth cycle of forest wood products;The forest area in Yunnan Province is the most widely distributed,accounting for about 1/5 of the total forest area in the southern collective forest area,while the forest area in Zhejiang Province is only 1/20;In the past 25years,the forest area of Sichuan Province,Yunnan Province and Hubei Province has increased,while the other provinces have decreased to varying degrees.In terms of space,60%of the land use type in the southern collective forest area is forest land,while the cultivated land is mainly distributed in the eastern part of Sichuan Province and the eastern part of Hubei Province,the grassland is mainly distributed in the western part of Sichuan Province,and the construction land is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal area and around the urban built-up area.（2）The quality of forest resources in the southern collective forest area has obvious characteristics.From the perspective of time evolution,the total forest GPP showed a fluctuating trend in the past 25 years,with an average value of 11.29 billion t C·a^-1,the lowest value in 25 years in 1998,10.964 billion t C·a^-1,and the highest total forest GPP in2015,reaching 11.634 billion t C·a^-1,with a difference of 670 million t C·a^-1.From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics,the forest GPP in the southern collective forest area presents a spatial distribution pattern of"high in the west and low in the east",and the low value areas are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal cities and around Hubei Province;In the past 25 years,the forest GPP increased in Sichuan,Guizhou,Guangdong and other places;Forest GPP has significant positive spatial correlation at99.9%confidence level,and has obvious high and low value clustering characteristics;The local high-high concentration of forest GPP is mainly in Yunnan,Guizhou and other places,and the low-low concentration is mainly in Hubei,Guangdong and other places;The distribution of cold and hot spots of forest GPP in the southern collective forest region generally presents a spatial pattern of"hot in the west and cold in the east".（3）The quantity and quality of forest resources in the southern collective forest area fluctuated,and the total amount decreased.The regression results of the multi-period DID model showed that the regression coefficient of the reform of the collective forest right system on the quantity and quality of forest resources was highly significant and positive,indicating that the implementation of the reform of the collective forest right system had a significant positive promoting effect on the improvement of the quantity and quality of forest resources,and in addition to economic factors,demographic characteristics The regression coefficient is still a highly significant positive value after eight control variables in four aspects,including industrial structure factors and physical geography factors.According to the regression model,the urbanization level has a significant negative impact on the number of forests at a significant level of 10%,while the annual precipitation has a significant positive impact on the quality of forest at a significant level of 10%,while other factors have no significant impact on the change of forest resources.Through research,it has been shown that the implementation of collective forest rights system reform does have a significant improvement effect on the quantity and quality of forest resources in southern collective forest areas.Based on the research findings,the following suggestions are proposed.First,continue to deepen the reform and implementation of the collective forest right system,and consolidate the security and integrity of forest land property rights;The second is to continue to improve the collective forest cutting management system,giving consideration to the liberalization of the forestry market and the protection of the ecological environment;Third,actively promote the green national economic accounting system and establish a national trading platform for sharing forest rights and forest carbon sinks;Fourth,strengthen vocational education and skill training for forest farmers,and increase investment in forest land and policy support.In addition,the further deepening of the reform of the collective forest right system should be in line with the national ecological civilization strategy of regional land development,ecosystem management and ecological restoration.