| In recent years,the ecological tea industry in mountainous areas of Guizhou has developed rapidly,bringing good economic,social and ecological benefits and effectively promoting local urban and rural economic development.However,with the large-scale tea planting,pests and diseases in tea gardens are then frequent,seriously threatening the yield and quality of tea.In the past,people have mostly focused on the control of pests and diseases in tea gardens,but have less understanding of the role played by tea garden ecosystems in pest and disease control.In this paper,the relationship between different plant configurations and the occurrence of pests and diseases in tea gardens was investigated,including the types of pests and diseases in tea gardens under the existing plant configurations in Jiu’an and their damage levels;the occurrence of major pests and diseases in tea gardens under different plant configurations;and the influence of different plant configurations on the occurrence of pests and diseases in tea gardens from the perspectives of environment,resistance of tea trees and volatile products.The main results obtained are as follows:The results of the survey of pest species under the existing plant configurations(tea tree control,monkey camphor,horsetail pine,fir,and osmanthus)in Guiyang Huaxi Jiu’an Ecological Tea Garden showed that a total of 27 species of tea tree pests,7 species of tea tree diseases and 11 species of natural enemies of pests were found under the five types of plant configurations.The 27 species of pests in tea plantations include five species of Orthoptera,one species of Compositae,seven species of Hemiptera,five species of Coleoptera,four species of Lepidoptera,four species of Homoptera and one species of Diptera.The two most serious pests were SSC leafhopper and tea stick thrips;the pest species in different locations were monkey camphor(21 species)> horsetail pine(20 species)> tea tree control(19 species)>cedar(16 species)> osmanthus(12 species).The disease species in different locations were tea tree control(7 species)> osmanthus(5 species)= horsetail pine(5 species)>fir(4 species)> monkey camphor(2 species)in order,where the two most serious diseases were tea cake disease and tea anthracnose.The monitoring of the occurrence pattern of major pests and major diseases in Jiu’an tea plantation was carried out from March to December 2022,respectively.The results showed that the occurrence trend of small green leafhopper under different plant configurations was similar,all of them started to appear at the beginning of March,started to grow rapidly in the second half of June,reached the peak in the second half of July,and started to decline in the middle of August.The annual occurrence of small leafhopper under different plant configurations varied greatly,specifically,tea tree control > cinnamon > fir > horsetail pine > monkey camphor;the trend of the occurrence time of tea stick thrips under different plant configurations was roughly the same,and the occurrence dynamics showed a trend of small and large peaks,with a small occurrence in March-April,a rapid increase in the occurrence of tea thrips in May,a peak in June and then a decline,a rapid increase again in August,a peak in September,and a decline in October-November.It reached a peak in September and started to decline in October-November.The annual occurrence of tea stick thrips in different plant configurations varied widely,in the order of cinnamon >tea tree control > horsetail pine > monkey camphor > fir;the occurrence pattern of tea cake disease showed that it began to occur in June,grew in July,peaked in October-November,and began to decrease in December.The average annual incidence of tea cake disease in different locations was tea tree control > cinnamon >fir > horsetail pine > monkey camphor;tea anthracnose was the most serious in the tea tree control sample locations,and its incidence pattern showed that it began to occur in March,peaked in June-July,declined in August,grew again in September,peaked in October,and began to decline in November-December.Control > Horsetail pine > Fir > Cinnamon > Monkey camphor.By analyzing the correlation between environmental factors,tea tree leaf resistance and disease and insect occurrence under the existing plant configuration in Jiu’an,the relationship with disease and insect occurrence under different plant configurations was clarified.The results showed that the correlation between temperature and humidity and the occurrence of pests and diseases was significant.Among them,the higher the temperature,the higher the occurrence of SSC,tea stick thrips and tea anthracnose;the higher the humidity,the higher the occurrence of tea cake disease and tea anthracnose;the occurrence of SSC was inversely correlated with proline(Pro),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and soluble protein(SP)in tea leaves;the occurrence of tea stick thrips(P < 0.05),p H(P< 0.01)and tea Pro,CAT,POD,SOD,SP;tea cake disease(TN),total phosphorus(TP),effective nitrogen(AN)were significantly and positively correlated(P < 0.05)with the occurrence of tea cake disease.(P < 0.05),acidic effective phosphorus(AP)(P < 0.01),and total potassium(K)(P < 0.05);the incidence of tea anthracnose was significantly positively correlated with TP(P < 0.05),AP(P < 0.05),and total potassium(P < 0.01);in addition,the incidence of tea cake disease and In addition,the incidence of tea cake disease and anthracnose were negatively correlated with Pro,CAT,POD,SOD,and SP.The luring effects of different plant leaf volatiles on the two major pests showed that monkey camphor volatiles had a significant tropism effect on small through small green leafhopper compared to tea tree,and different plant configurations had no significant luring or tropism effect on tea stick thrips.In conclusion,there were differences in the number and types of tea pests and diseases occurring under different plant configurations,and all plant configurations reduced the occurrence of major pests and diseases in tea gardens,except for more tea thrips in the sample plots under the laurel configuration than in the control sample plots.The reasons for the differences in the occurrence of diseases and insects in the tea garden under the plant configuration were related to the changes in temperature and humidity in the tea garden,the physical and chemical properties of the soil,the resistance physiology of tea and the luring or avoidance of heavy volatile products of the configured plants.Among them,the number and species of underground pathogens occurred relatively lower in the monkey camphor sample,which was mainly due to the higher content of total nitrogen,total potassium,organic carbon,and acidic effective phosphorus under the monkey camphor configuration compared with other plant configurations;the higher resistance physiology(CAT,POD,SOD)activity of tea under the monkey camphor configuration;in addition,the monkey camphor could produce volatile substances that had a stronger tropism effect on the small through small green leafhopper. |
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