| Junzifeng National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province is located in the magnificent western Fujian area.It is the east slope of the middle section of Wuyi Mountains and spans Mingxi County.Its unique geographical location and natural environment make the area rich in biodiversity and is an extremely important biological corridor in the region.In order to find out the plant diversity in this area and improve the construction and management level of the reserve,the plant background investigation was carried out again on the basis of the scientific investigation data in 2005.Through field specimen collection,specimen preparation and identification,and consulting relevant literature,the number of vascular plant species in Fujian Junzifeng National Nature Reserve(hereinafter referred to as: Junzifeng Nature Reserve)is 1761species(including subspecies),belonging to 184 families and 739 genera.Among them,PPG I(2016)is used for ferns,Christenhusz(2011)for gymnosperms,and APG IV(2016)for angiosperms.In this study,the flora of ferns and wild seed plants in Junzifeng Nature Reserve was analyzed,and the flora composition,nature and unique phenomenon of vascular plants in this area were explained.The main plant resources such as medicinal plants,edible plants,ornamental plants,aromatic plants and oil plants were summarized,and the corresponding protection countermeasures were put forward.The harm of invasive species and the protection strategies of rare and endangered plants in this area were analyzed.At the same time,the genetic relationship of plants in East Asian component phylogeography was analyzed.The main results are as follows:(1)Rich plant composition and diverse taxa: there are 1761 species of vascular plants in Junzifeng Nature Reserve(including subspecies classification,including 44 invasive species and 116 cultivated species),belonging to 739 genera of 184 families;among them,there are 218 species of ferns,belonging to 24 families and 72 genera.There are 1383 species of wild seed plants belonging to 598 genera and 150 families.There are 15 species of gymnosperms belonging to 13 genera and 4 families,1095 species of dicotyledons belonging to 449 genera and 115 families,and 273 species of monocotyledons belonging to 136 genera and 31 families.(2)The dominant families,genera and tropical properties of ferns are obvious: there are 218 species of ferns in Junzifeng Nature Reserve,which belong to 24 families and 72 genera according to PPG I(2016)classification system;it accounts for 38.10 %,31.30 % and 8.38 % of the total number of ferns in China,which are 2600 species,230 genera and 63 families.According to the principle of Lu Shugang ’s flora division of Chinese ferns,72 genera can be divided into 9 distribution types.The results show that the ferns in this area are dominated by tropical elements.In the Junzifeng Nature Reserve,Dryopteridaceae,Polypodiaceae,Athyriaceae,Pteridaceae,Thelypteridaceae,Aspleniaceae,Dennstaedtiaceae and Selaginellaceae are the dominant families(≥ 10species)in this area,including 175 species.It accounts for 80.28 % of the total species of ferns in this area.Dryopteris,Pteris,Diplazium,Arachniodes,Asplenium,Selaginella,Cyclosorus,Lepisorus and Microlepia were the dominant genera(≥ 6 species)in this area,with a total of 109 species,accounting for 50.00 % of the total species of ferns in this area,the rest are mostly monotypic and oligotypic families.The pteridophytes in this area are dominated by tropical components,such as Pteris and Diplazium,which are important components of tropical mountain distribution.(3)Gymnosperms scarcity: There are only 15 species of wild gymnosperms in Junzi Feng Reserve,belonging to 4 families and 13 genera,accounting for 2.66%,2.18% and 1.08% of the wild seed plants in this area.(4)Seed plants have obvious subtropical nature and ancient origin: A total of 1383 species of wild seed plants belong to 150 families and 598 genera in Junzifeng Nature Reserve.According to Wu Zhengyi’s floristic division of seed plants in China,150 families can be divided into 9 types and 11 types,including 70 families of tropical species(type 2-7)and 39 families of temperate species(type 8-14).The family R/T value(the number ratio of tropical and temperate types)was 1.79;The genus 598 could be divided into 13 types and 13 variants,and the R/T value was 1.53.It shows that the flora of wild seed plants in Junzifeng Nature Reserve has the subtropical nature of tropical to temperate transition.The dominant families(≥10 species)of wild seed plants in Junzifeng Nature Reserve were Poaceae,Rosaceae,Asteraceae,Lamiaceae,legumes,Cyperaceae,Rubiaceae,Orchidaceae and other 36 families,containing 952 species,accounting for 68.84% of the total species of wild seed plants in this region;The dominant genera(≥3 species)are Ilex,Rubus,Carex,Polygonum,Persicaria,Castanopsis,Symplocos,Ardisia,Ficus and 150 other genera.There were 804 species,accounting for 58.13 % of the total species of wild seed plants in this area.Among them,gymnosperms such as Platycladus orientalis,Pinus taiwanensis and Pinus massoniana with Tertiary relict,and angiosperms such as Chimonaceae,Lauraceae and Hamamelidaceae in Cretaceous indicate that the origin of this flora is ancient.(5)The unique phenomenon of seed plants is obvious: Junzifeng Nature Reserve has three families of East Asian distribution families,namely Actinidia,Pittosporaceae and Stachys,among which Stachys is an endemic family to East Asia;There are 23 genera endemic to China,namely Oligostachyum,Indocalamus,Melliodendron,Sinoadina,Emmenopterys,Acidosasa,Eomecon,Camptotheca,Fordiophyton,Parakmeria,Sargentodoxa,Schnabelia,Cyclocarya,Titanotrichum,Primulina,Hemiboea,Didymostigma,Cunninghamia,Chimonanthus,Yinshania,Biondia,Semiliquidambar,Bretschneidera,Most of them are ancient endemic genera;lack of Chinese endemic families and Fujian endemic genera;among the endemic components of China,409 species are distributed in Fujian,accounting for 2.71 % of the 15103 species of endemic seed plants in China,accounting for 29.57 % of the total species of wild seed plants in the area,indicating that the area has high biodiversity and complex habitat types.There are 6 endemic species in Fujian and 1endemic species in Junzifeng Nature Reserve.These unique phenomena indicate that the formation of flora species and the long history of spreading to East Asia are important evidence for studying the origin,evolution and development of flora in this region.(6)The number of species in families and genera is relatively poor:the number of species in most families and genera of ferns and wild seed plants in Junzifeng Nature Reserve is relatively poor,mainly single-species families and genera,and few-species families and genera.There were 15 families of single species and fewer species(2～5 species),accounting for62.50% of the total number of ferns.A total of 63 genera were monotypic and few species(2～5 species),accounting for 87.50% of the total genera.A total of 114 families(2～9 species)were found in the wild seed plants,accounting for 76.00% of the total families.There were 568 genera in monopecies and fewer genera(2～7 species),accounting for 94.98% of the total genera.(7)Junzifeng Nature Reserve is rich in wild plant resources and diverse uses.Wild medicinal plant resources(1194 species)have various life forms,mainly herbs.The medicinal parts are mainly whole plant or whole grass,roots and rhizomes.The medicinal effects are mainly heatclearing and detumescence.Wild edible plant resources(418 species)are mainly Rosaceae,Fagaceae and Asteraceae.The edible parts are mainly composed of fruits and leaves,and stir-frying is the main way of eating.Wild ornamental plant resources(1360 species)have unique ornamental types and rich color composition,including viewing leaves,viewing flowers,viewing fruits,and viewing shapes.Among them,there are many color systems for viewing flowers and viewing fruits,and the flower color is mainly white,and the fruit color is dominated by red.The essential oil content of most plants in the wild aromatic plant resources(377 species)is low,but the market prospect is broad and the use is diverse.It can be used in the industries of flavor,spice,cosmetics and the construction of aromatic botanical gardens.Wild oil plant resources(265 species)are mainly woody plants,with high oil content in seeds,fruits and kernels.There are many kinds of unsaturated fatty acids,which are widely used,mainly for soap making and industrial use,and less for medicinal and bioenergy.The wild timber plant resources(272 species)are mainly composed of woody plants,with evergreen tree species accounting for an absolute advantage.Fagaceae and Lauraceae are the most prominent,and the number of species used for furniture is the majority.Wild poisonous plant resources(175 species)are widely distributed,concentrated in Leguminosae,Asteraceae,and Araceae,mainly perennial herbs.The toxic parts are mostly whole grass or whole plant,and the toxicity is different.Junzifeng Nature Reserve is rich in species,resources and wide use.The same plant has a variety of uses and effects.In the face of numerous plant resources,we should rationally develop and utilize,not blindly and unrestrained picking,increase protection,and achieve a virtuous circle of society,economy and ecology.(8)There are many ways to invade plants and the prevention and control measures are difficult: Invasive plants are mainly composed of Asteraceae,Gramineae and Solanaceae,dicotyledonous plants account for84.09 %,and are mainly malignant invasive species and severe invasive species.With the help of manpower and material resources,they have the biological characteristics of small seeds,strong adaptation and fast growth,and are difficult to be completely eradicated in the process of governance.(9)Rich in rare and endangered plants: Junzifeng Nature Reserve is rich in rare and endangered plant resources.Among them,there are 2species of national grade I protected plants and 33 species of national grade II protected plants in the ’ National Key Protected Wild Plants List ’published by the State Council on September 7,2021.There are 44 species included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES),and 67 species included in the ’ Chinese Plant Redbook ’(Volume I)compiled by Fu Liguo in 1991.According to the field investigation and the causes of endangerment,the corresponding protection countermeasures are put forward.(10)The genetic relationship of East Asian elements is close: the distribution and diffusion of each genus in East Asian elements in geological history,the origin and differentiation of modern distribution are related to the origin and differentiation of East Asian flora,and most of them take East Asian flora as the origin and differentiation center.Among them,the evolutionary trend of plants is based on the fern class,and gradually differentiates into the direction of taxa,magnolia,primitive perianth subclass and petal subclass,which is in line with the development and evolution history of plants.Most of the species are sister groups to each other,and there are common ancestors between different families.According to the genetic relationship between species,the geographical distribution,evolution process and search for resource substitutes can be speculated.In summary,the study of flora characteristics,plant resources and genetic relationship of East Asian components in Junzifeng National Nature Reserve is of great significance for the development and protection of plant resources,the distribution of species diversity,and the sustainable utilization of plant resources in western Fujian and even Fujian Province. |
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