| In order to explore the effects of long-term fertilization on the growth and yield of potato plants,and to provide a basis for balanced soil utilization and rational fertilization in production,the effects of long-term nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium deficiency and organic fertilizer(M)on the growth,nutrient uptake and distribution,yield and soil characteristics of potato variety"Kexin No.1"were studied by field experiment method and after 12 consecutive years of positioning fertilization.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Compared with no fertilization,M,organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer(MNPK)significantly increased potato plant height,stem thickness and leaf area index,which increased by 60.82%,75.37%,28.64%,35.99%,180.15%and 234.82%,respectively.Other treatments are also increased,but not significant.Compared with 11 years ago,M and MNPK will increase the plant height and leaf area index,which will increase by10.76%,16.13%,37.99%and 49.84%,respectively,and other treatments will decrease,and the largest decreases will be CK and PK.The stem thickness of all treatments decreased,with a decrease of 3.70%-22.50%,and the smallest decrease was MNPK.2.The application of MNPK significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves,which increased by 329.74%and 155.55%,respectively,while the application of PK fertilizer reduced the dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves.There was no significant difference in the dry matter distribution rate between leaves and tubers,but M and MNPK significantly increased the dry matter distribution rate of stems,which increased by 50.80%and 61.94%,respectively.Compared with 11 years ago,M and MNPK increased the dry matter accumulation of the whole plant and stems and leaves,and all treatments reduced the dry matter accumulation and its distribution rate of tubers.The application of MNPK could increase the dry matter distribution rate of stems and leaves,which increased by 4.44%and 4.24%,respectively.3.Compared with CK,M and MNPK significantly increased the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content,cumulative uptake of stems and leaves,absorption rate and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium partition rate of stems in each organ.Different from 11 years ago,M and MNPK fertilizers were beneficial to increase the cumulative absorption of nitrogen in stems,phosphorus in stems and potassium in hectares,which increased by 11.88 and 23.57,47.48 and 63.86,3.40 and 9.37 kg/hm~2,respectively,but no fertilization was more favorable to the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake of tubers.Compared with 11 years ago,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake rate of plants slowed down,but M and MNPK could reduce the phosphorus and potassium uptake rate to a certain extent.Multi-year fertilization has no benefit on NPK distribution in tubers.There was a significant positive correlation between yield and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus content,stem nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and tuber nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content,potassium content in leaves,potassium content in leaves,stalks,tubers and hectares,and the cumulative absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in various organs.4.With the increase of downward p H of soil layer,the increase rate of each fertilization treatment was between 0.03-0.19,while the decrease of organic matter content was between 1.48-6.69g/kg.In the 0-20 and 20-40cm soil layers,the p H of CK treatment was significantly greater than that of NP,NPK and MNPK treatment,which was 3.84%,3.57%,3.70%,4.66%,4.53%and 5.73%larger,respectively.CK organic matter was significantly smaller than that of M and MNPK treatments,which were54.18%,43.83%,23.95%and 22.90%,respectively.Compared with 2011,p H and organic matter have the same downward trend with soil layer,and both decrease compared with 11 years ago.In the 0-20cm soil layer,the p H of each treatment decreased by 13.03-13.93%,and the organic matter decreased by 0.09-36.79%.In the 20-40cm soil layer,the p H of each treatment decreased by 4.57-7.93%,and the organic matter decreased by 6.40-56.34%.p H and organic matter were significantly positively correlated with yield,organic matter had a greater impact on yield,and p H was not as good as organic matter on yield.5.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium decreased with the decrease of soil depth.In the 0-40cm soil layer,the alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of NP,M and MNPK,the available phosphorus content of M and MNPK,and the available potassium content of MNPK,NK,PK,NPK and M were significantly greater than those of CK.Compared with 11 years ago,the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content of M in 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers increased,with an increase of 28.10%and 23.11%,and the available phosphorus content of all fertilization treatments increased,the largest increase in 0-20cm soil layer was MNPK,the largest increase in 20-40cm soil layer was M,which increased by 416.50%and249.95%,respectively,and the available potassium content of NK,PK,NPK,M and MNPK in 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers increased.The increase was 5.20-60.61%and25.64-119.43%.Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with yield,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus had a greater impact on yield,and available potassium was not as good as alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus had a greater impact on yield.6.In the case of M and MNPK application,the yield was significantly greater than CK,reaching 44411.78kg/hm~2and 46710.84kg/hm~2,which increased by 144.63%and157.29%compared with CK treatment.Secondly,NP,NK and NPK also had an effect on potato yield,and the yield was significantly different from CK,which increased by58.76%,67.89%and 96.76%compared with CK treatment.The number of potatoes per plant of M and MNPK was significantly greater than that of CK.Under MNPK treatment,the increase in single tuber weight and yield per plant was the most obvious,and the weight rate of commercial potato was also the largest,which was 61.06%.In 2021,the output of NK,M and MNPK treatment will be higher than 11 years ago,with an increase of 3.19%,28.36%and 26.71%respectively.The number of potatoes per plant treated was greater than that in 2011,but the weight per tuber and the weight ratio of commercial potatoes were lower than in 2011.The yield per plant of M and MNPK was greater than that in 2011,with an increase of 16.88%and 18.31%.In summary,compared with other fertilization treatments,M and MNPK significantly increased the plant height,stem thickness and leaf area index,significantly increased the dry matter distribution rate of stems,significantly increased the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in various organs,the cumulative absorption of stems and leaves,the absorption rate,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium distribution rate of stems,the organic matter content of each soil layer,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and yield. |
PDF Full Text Request