Effects Of Dietary Jasmine Residue On Rumen Internal Environment And Rumen Epithelium Of Goats

The supply contradiction of feed grains is one of the problems restricts the development of animal husbandry at the present stage.The feed utilization of agricultural industrial by-products is an effective method to solve the problem.Jasmine residue is a by-product of the producing of jasmine tea residue,which is rich in crude protein,crude fiber and other nutrients and plant-derived active ingredients.The Feed utilization of jasmine residue can solve the problem of insufficient supply of local feed grain.Rumen is an important digestive organ of goats.Changes of goat dietary can affect rumen fermentation,rumen microbial flora structure,and the structure and function of rumen epithelial tissue.And there is an interaction relationship between rumen microorganisms and rumen epithelial tissue and animal body.There are few reports on the effects of jasmine residue as feed raw material on nutrient digestibility,rumen fermentation,rumen bacterial structure and rumen epithelial tissue of goats.Therefore,in this study,10 % jasmine residue was added to the goat diet to replace part of corn and soybean meal to explore its effects on nutrient digestibility,rumen environment and rumen epithelial tissue of goats.The main results are as follows:Effects of adding jasmine residue in diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of goats.The experimental data showed that compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in growth performance indexes and digestibility of other nutrients in the treatment group(P > 0.05).However,the digestibility of crude protein(CP)was significantly decreased(P < 0.01),and the digestibility of acid detergent fiber(ADF)was significantly increased(P < 0.01).These results indicated that the addition of jasmine residue in the diet not only did not affect the growth performance of goats but also promoted the digestion of fiber materials.Effect of adding jasmine residue in diet on rumen epithelial tissue of goats.The experimental data showed that compared with the control group,the rumen organ index,ruminal papillae shape,muscular layer thickness and four cell layer thickness of the rumen were not significantly affected in the treatment group(P > 0.05).However,transcriptome sequencing data showed that the expression levels of genes related to immune inflammatory response in goats in the treatment group were significantly decreased(P < 0.05).GO analysis showed that rumen epithelial tissue response to bacteria and inflammation were reduced in the treatment group.KEGG analysis showed that the down-regulated genes were enriched in tumor necrosis factor and chemokine signaling pathways in the treatment group.These results indicate that dietary supplementation of jasmine residue not only has no effect on rumen development,but also improves rumen health in goats.Effects of adding jasmine residue in diet on rumen environment of goats.The results showed that compared with the control group,the rumen p H,NH3-N concentration,volatile fatty acids(VFA)concentration and digestive enzyme activity of goats had no significant effect in the treatment group(P >0.05),but the microbial protein(MCP)concentration was significantly reduced(P < 0.05).The sequencing data of rumen bacterial flora showed that the addition of jasmine residue did not change the structure of rumen flora,but the relative abundance of cellulolytic bacteria and beneficial bacteria increased significantly.These results indicate that the addition of jasmine residue does not change the rumen fermentation mode,and the rumen bacterial flora promotes the digestion and metabolism of fiber substances by increasing the abundance of fiber degradation-related bacteria to adapt to the diet.In summary,the addition of 10 % jasmine residue to replace part of corn and soybean meal in the diet did not affect the performance of growth and rumen development of goats,but promoted the digestion of fiber substances,improved rumen health,and reduced the utilization efficiency of protein substances.The results of this study provide a theoretical and practical reference for the application of jasmine residue as an unconventional feed in goat breeding.