| In order to sysmatically investigate the effect of rumen protected fat on rumen fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility and urinary purine derivative, Dual-flow continuous culture system and four Jinnan steers with permanent rumen fistulas were used at a completely randimized design employing in a 3x4 factorial arrangement of treatment.Experiment 1 The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different crude protein and protected fat on degradibility. Dual-flow continuous culture system was used at a completely randimized design employing in a 3×4 factorial arrangement of treatment. The experimental diet were formulated with 8.5%,9.5%and 10.5% crude protein levels(abbreviated as L,M and H) and 0%,3%,6% and 9% bypass fat level, respectively, therefor formed 12 diets in all (L/0% (group 1), L/3% (group 2), L/6% (group 3), L/9%(group 4),M/0%(group 5), M/3%(group 6),M/6%(group 7),M/9%(group 8), H/0%(group9), H/3%(group 10), H/6%(group 11), H/9%(group 12)). The results showed as follows:the CP degradation rate in group 9 was very significantly higher than that of 4,5,6,7,10,11 and 12 groups (P< 0.01), and significantly higher than that of 1,3 and 8 group (P< 0.05), the EE degradation rate in group 4 was very significantly higher than that of in groups 1,2,5,9,10,11 and 12 (P< 0.01) and significantly higher than that of in group 6 (P<0.05), the degradation rate in groups 3,7, and 8 was significantly higher than that of in groups 1,2,5,9,10,11 and 12 (P<0.05); the NFE degradation rate in group 9 was very significantly higher than 4, and 6 groups (P< 0.01); the NDF degradation rate in groups 1 and 9 were very significantly higher than that of in groups 5,6,8,10,11 and 12(P< 0.01), and was significantly higher than that of in group 7 (P<0.05), the NDF degradation rate in groups 2,3 and 4 were significantly higher than that of in groups 5,6,8,10,11 and 12 (P<0.05); the OM degradation rate in group 9 was very significantly higher than that of 3,4,5,6,8,10,11 and 12 groups (P< 0.01), and significantly higher than 2, and 7 groups (P < 0.05); the CF degradation rate in group 1 was very significantly higher than 9,10,11 and 12 group (P <0.01), and significantly higher than the 3,5,6 and 8 group (P<0.05), the CF degradation rate in groups 2,3, 5,6,7 and 8 were significant higher than 9,10,11 and 12 group (P<0.05); the pH values in groups 1,2, and 3 group very significantly higher than that of 7,9,10,11 and 12 (P< 0.01), and significantly higher than4,5,6 and 8(P< 0.05); the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in group 12 was very signifantly higher than that in groups of 1,2,3,4 and 9 (P< 0.01), and signifantly higher than that in groups of 5,6,7 and 10 (P< 0.05),the groups 8 and 11 was signifantly higher than that in groups of 1,2,3,4 and 9 (P <0.05); The concentration of acetic acid in group 11 was very signifantly higher than that in groups of 1,6, 7,8 and 9 (P< 0.01),and signifantly higher than that in groups of 2 and 5 (P< 0.05), the acetate content in group 3,4,10 and 12 were signifantly higher than that in groups of 1,6,7,8 and 9 (P< 0.05); The concentration of propiotic acid in group 12 was very signifantly higher than that in group6 (P< 0.01), and was signifantly higher than in groups 5 and 7 (P< 0.05).The optimum supplementation of rumen protected fat was 6%,and the optimum of diet crude protein level was middle.Experiment 2 This study was conducted to investgate the effect of rumen protected fat on rumen fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility and urinary purine derivative in Jinnan steers. Four Jinnan steers(with body weight 476±60kg,4.5 years of age) with permanent rumen fistulas were assigned at a 3×4 factorial arrangement of treatment, the steers were fed the diets supplemented with 0.0%,2.5%,5.0% and 7.5% rumen protected fat and at 3 levels of requirement protein amount of 85%,100% and 115%, there were 12 diets in all. The study was implemented under the circumustances of at half of normal average daily gain. The results showed as follows:?supplemented rumen protected fat had no significant effect on rumen pH, the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen in group 9 was signifantly higher than that in groups of 1,2,3,4 and 8 (P< 0.05), the group 10 was signifantly higher than that in groups of 3 and 8; The concentration of acetic acid in group 5 was signifantly higher than that in groups of 1,2,3 and 4(P< 0.05), The concentration of propiotic acid in groups 9,10 and 11 was signifantly higher than that in groups of 1 and 2(P< 0.05), the group 12 was signifantly higher than the group 2. ?The crude protein degradability in group 10 was significantly higher than that in groups 2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 (P<0.05), the groups 1,9,11 and 12 were significantly higher than that in groups 4,5,6,7 and 8 (P< 0.05); the NDF degradability in groups 5,7,8 and 12 were significantly higher than that in groups 1,3 and 4(P< 0.05). the degradability in groups 6,9,10 and 11 were significantly higher than that in groups 4 (P< 0.05); the ADF degradability in groups 6,7 and 8 were significantly higher than the other groups except for groups 5 and 12, the degradability in groups 5 and 12 were significantly higher than the other groups except for groups 9 and 11. ?The apparent digestibility in group 7 was very significantly higher than that in groups 1,2,3 and 4 (P< 0.01), the group 10 was very significantly higher than that in groups 2 and 4 (P< 0.01); the EE apparent digestibility in groups 4,7,8,11 and 12 increased very significantly than in groups 1,2,5 and 9(P< 0.01), the EE apparent digestibility in groups 3,6 and 10 increased very significantly than in groups 1,5 and 9 (P < 0.01); the NFE and OM apparent digestibility in groups 8 and 10 increased significantly than in group 11 (P< 0.05); the NDF apparent digestibility in group 8 was significantly higher than that of group 11 (P< 0.05); the ADF apparent digestibility in groups 6,8 and 10 increased significantly than in groups 2 and 11 (P< 0.05), the ADF apparent digestibility in group7 increased significantly than in groups 2 (P< 0.05). ?The N digestibility in groups 8 and 7 increased very significantly (P< 0.01) or significantly (P< 0.05) than that of group 2, respectively, the N digestibility in group 8 increased significantly than that of groups 3 and 4 (P<0.05);the N apparent deposit rate in groups 1,5,6,8 and 11 were significantly higher than in group 12. ?The allantoin and urinary purine derivative content in group 12 rose significantly than in groups 1 and 4 (P< 0.05),the uric acid content in group 11 rose significantly than in the other group (P> 0.05). ?The ATGL content in group 10 rose significantly than in group 6 (P< 0.05), the INS content in groups 3,4,5,2 and 7 rose very significantly than in group 8 (P< 0.01), the GC content in groups 1 and 2 rose significantly than in groups 9 and 11 (P< 0.05), the GH content in group 7 rose significantly than in groups 2,4,5,9,10 and 11 (P< 0.05). These results indicated,The optimum rumen protected fat supplemental levels under the standard protein condition are between 5.0%-7.5%. |
PDF Full Text Request