Effects Of Phosphorus Fertilizer Dosage On Yield And Quality Of Cigar Tobacco

Cigar is a special tobacco product with characteristics such as abundant aroma,strong taste,strong energy,and mellow smoke,which has a huge market potential.However,the cigar industry in China started relatively late,and the production of raw materials is still in the development stage.The shortage of high-quality domestic cigar raw materials seriously limits the development of the cigar industry.Fertilization is a key measure to improve the yield and quality of cigar tobacco leaves.Phosphorus is involved in the synthesis of important substances such as phosphoric acid,phospholipids,phytic acid,and nuclear protein in the plant during the growth and development of tobacco leaves.It can enhance the transportation and synthesis of carbohydrates,promote nitrogen metabolism,and fat synthesis,increase the starch and sugar content in tobacco leaves,thereby improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.Clarifying the appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer for cigar tobacco leaves is of great significance for increasing tobacco yield,improving quality,and alleviating the shortage of high-quality cigar raw materials in China.In this experiment,using the wrapper variety Chuxue 26（CX-26）and filler variety Chuxue 14（CX-14）as materials,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer amounts on the growth,yield,value,quality,and nutrient absorption of CX-26 and CX-14,with a view to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer to cigar tobacco leaves.The main results are as follows:（1）Moderate application of phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the accumulation of phosphorus in CX-26 tobacco plants,and improve tobacco yield,value,physical properties and appearance quality.Compared with the without phosphorus（P₀）treatment,the yield of cigar leaves increased by 116.8～274.0 kg/hm²,increase of5.56%～13.05%;the value increased by 12,600～31,200 yuan/hm²,an increase of6.14%～14.17%.With the increase of phosphate fertilizer use,the accumulation of shoot phosphate gradually increased.Compared with the P₀treatment,the accumulation of phosphorus in each phosphorus treatment increased by 0.75～1.91 kg/hm²,an increase of13.11%～33.53%.The physical characteristics of tobacco leaves showed that compared with the P₀treatment,the weight and thickness of each tobacco leaf increased by5.85%～24.93%and 1.56%～23.36%respectively,and the tensile force increased by6.22%～17.70%.Compared with P₀treatment,the appearance quality score of tobacco leaves increased by 2 points when applying 15～30 kg/hm²phosphorus fertilizer,and decreased by 1～6 points when applying 45～75 kg/hm²phosphorus fertilizer.（2）Moderate application of phosphorus fertilizer can significantly increase the accumulation of phosphorus in CX-14 tobacco plants,improve tobacco yield and value,coordinate tobacco chemical composition,and improve tobacco sensory quality.Compared with the P₀treatment,the yield of each phosphorus increased by 202.0～306.2kg/hm²,increasing by 9.41%～14.26%;the value increased by 18,100～35,900 yuan/hm²,with an increase of 12.35%～24.46%.With the increase of phosphate fertilizer,the accumulation of aboveground phosphorus gradually increased.Meanwhile,the accumulation of phosphorus treatment increased by 0.71～2.28 kg/hm²,an increase of14.80%～47.68%.Furthermore,the chemical composition of tobacco leaves under different phosphorus application treatments,the content of nicotine increased by2.01%～13.39%,the reduced sugar and total sugar content increased by 4.51%～17.48%,2.60%～10.73%,and the potassium to chloride ratio increased by 5.81%～34.85%.In addition,compared with the P₀treatment,the total score of tobacco leaves treated with phosphorus increased by 1～6 points.In conclusion,phosphorus application can significantly affect the yield,quality and nutrient uptake of cigar leaves CX-26 and CX-14.Based on the thickness,tensile strength,total yield,and total value of tobacco leaves,the suitable phosphorus fertilizer dosage for cgar wrapper variety CX-26 is determined to be 34.0～51.2 kg/hm².Based on the nicotine content,potassium chloride ratio,total yield,and total value of tobacco leaves,the suitable phosphorus fertilizer dosage for cigar filler variety CX-14 is determined to be193.8～225 kg/hm².