Modern Port Trade And Industrial Development

Ningpo port has long been the southeast coastal trade port,and the port trade development has good geographical advantages and historical basis.However,after the opening of Ningpo port in modern times,Ningpo was increasingly involved in the world market system,coupled with the successive opening of adjacent ports such as Shanghai,Wenzhou,Hangzhou and other factors,resulting in a series of profound changes in Ningpo port trade.After the opening of Ningpo Port,the rapid rise of Shanghai led to the gradual decline of Ningpo ’s foreign trade status,and the direct foreign trade value decreased sharply.But its port trade still has a considerable degree of development.Then according to the old customs statistics and Ningpo trade reports,found that Ningpo port trade in import,export and re-export goods structure and flow experienced three major changes from 1864 to 1940.First,in terms of the value of imported and exported goods,the value of imported goods,the value of exported goods and the total value of goods all showed a fluctuating upward trend,while the value of re-exported goods and its proportion in the total value of trade were very small.Second,in terms of commodity structure,the largest import parcel of foreign goods and the largest export parcel of native goods have undergone significant changes.The former is cotton instead of opium,and then food instead of cotton,and the latter is cotton instead of tea.Third,in the flow of goods,imports and exports of foreign goods,exports of native goods mainly rely on Shanghai and other Chinese ports,while direct imports of foreign goods and direct exports of local goods are not large.Thus,the modern Ningpo port has become a ’ transit port ’ in foreign trade,and has become a ’hinterland port ’ in the consumption of imported goods,that is,the modern Ningpo port has actually become a ’ hinterland port ’.Under this type of port,although the status of port trade has declined due to the weakening of direct foreign trade,the shrinking of landward hinterland,and the extinction of seaward hinterland,through the investigation of the transfer paths of import and export bulk goods such as opium,pitot,tea,cotton,and grain,it is found that the looser tax on licence,convenient inland waterway and Shanghai-Ningpo freights,flexible financial policies and commercial credit habits in Ningpo have largely promoted the development of port trade in modern Ningpo.And,to a certain extent,this development is mutually causal with urban industrial development.However,this benign interaction is not universal.First of all,in the modern transportation industry,the sea routes closely related to port trade,especially the Shanghai and Ningpo routes,have developed rapidly,providing strong support for port trade;Land transport,which is far from port trade,lags behind.Secondly,in modern industry,the light industry sector,especially the cotton textile industry can make full use of the advantages of port trade and get development,which objectively resists the invasion of western economy and is conducive to the development of regional economy.However,heavy industry is dwarfed,and port trade cannot fundamentally promote its development.Finally,in the financial sector,Chinese native bank has continued to flourish because of its active adaptation to the development of Ningpo port trade,providing strong financial and credit support for the development of port trade,and thus gaining momentum for development.Banks developed slowly because they rarely involved port trade,forming a long-term unique situation of Chinese native banks in modern financial industry.