Research On The Fengtian Civil Revolt In The Late Qing Dynasty (1901-1911)

Since the late Qing Dynasty,social contradictions and social crises have intensified,the people’s living environment has been deteriorating,and popular revolts have swarmed throughout the country,becoming a common social problem in the late Qing Dynasty.Fengtian is located in the northeastern frontier and has long suffered from the invasion of the great powers,especially after the Sino-Japanese War,when imperialist countries such as Japan and Russia first set the flames of war in Fengtian Province,and then controlled the financial and commercial trade in Fengtian Province through military force,bringing great suffering to the local people’s lives.The flames of war dispersed,the people did not have time to breathe,and when the Qing court’s new policies increased donations,governments at all levels were digging up rats,almost exhausted.While facing the oppression of external forces,the broad masses of the people also have to deal with the exploitation of the gentry and ruthless officials,the looting and harassment of bandits,and the frequent crackdowns of natural disasters.Under the combined efforts of various internal and external factors,various popular upheavals in Fengtian Province,such as resisting donations and taxes,grabbing salt and rice,and so on,have seen mistakes.In order to ease social contradictions and eliminate popular changes,governments at all levels in Fengtian have implemented both hard and soft measures,and have taken multiple measures in parallel.However,under the conditions of continuous turmoil at home and abroad,deep-rooted official corruption,and declining government control year by year,the various efforts made by the provincial government have not been effective,and the popular uprisings are still occurring one after another,and they are increasingly beyond the control of the government,bringing great difficulties to local governance.Because the late Qing Dynasty was in a historical period where the old and the new converged,the popular upheavals in this period had special historical characteristics.The Fengtian civil rebellion not only contains the same traditional characteristics as the previous generations,but also has the characteristics of the times that are in line with the trend,showing the characteristics of tradition and epochality.On the whole,the large-scale and high-frequency civil uprisings in Fengtian not only embody the beautiful quality of the people of Fengtian who have the courage to resist,but also embody their indomitable fighting spirit,but objectively speaking,the popular uprisings inevitably have a negative impact on the economic development and social order of the Fengtian area,and even on the implementation of the New Deal,hindering economic development to a certain extent,aggravating social turmoil,and delaying the modernization process of Fengtian Province.