The Civil Administratin Of Late Qing Dynasty At The County Level

Qing Dynasty is the last dynasty of Chinese feudal society. Since the end of the16th Century, Nuerhasi, the Qingtaizu, led his13armed ride troops overturned the Ming Dynasty, then Huangtaji set the Qing Dynasty and crowned himself in the middle17th Century, and then the Kang、Yong、Qian Prosperity occurred in the18th Century, which maintained more than one hundred years, and then the Opium War broke in the middle of19Century, and eventually, at the beginning of the20th century, an old dynasty was suddenly overturned, it last more than3hundred years. During these three hundred years, the ruling system of Qing Dynasty has witnessed three changes of different period, which is from Helotism to Feudalism, then from Feudalism to half-colonialism. There are special traits of the state machine’s settlement and faculty during every period.There are many aspects of Qing’s County management, and the most important duty of the County officials is the civil administration. Civilians are those archons need to govern and the main body of the country. Civil administration is how the archon rules the civilians. Civil administration has different stipulated connotations and social function and affect, according to different social formation and different historical period. As we have the modern socialist civil administration, feudalist society and half-colonialist society both have their own civil administration in their own form. Whatever, in a word, what is called civil administration is one of the social administration works belongs to the state political power which helps to eliminate poverty of some people, adjust social relations and solve social problems, in order to maintain a peaceful society and consolidate the state power. It contains mainly about preferential treatment to reward, military personnel resettlement, disaster relief, social assistant and social welfare just list a few.In the late Qing Dynasty, cities in Shandong area were more representative and typical than others in every other province around China. Among the coastal cities, there were Yantai opened under the unequal treaty, the colonized city Qingdao invaded by Germany and Japan successively, and besides that, Weihaiwei being leased territory of England. While on the west inner land, there were Jinan、Weixian、Zhoucun and so on taking the initiative in opening itself in the late Qing Dynasty. Apart from that, other typical traditional cities declined or some gained new development. As an important coastal province in China, all types of cities can be seen in Shandong. Study it as a symbol helps develop deep all-round recognition of the entire civil administration in the late Qing Dynasty. The thesis gets Shandong as a study breakthrough point, and selects local county annals at that time (mainly the county annals during the Daoguang、 Xianfeng、Tongzhi and Guangxu Period) and some other original materials as study target, and restores the truth of history. This subject aims to research the social upheaval in the late Qing Dynasty, and how did the Qing government implement civil administration to moralize and compensate people during this period of domestic trouble and foreign invasion.