Cheng Hao And Cheng Yi’s Theory Of Human Nature And Its Contribution

The issue of human nature embodies rich connotations in traditional Chinese culture.The debate about the good and evil of human nature is also an issue that philosophers of all dynasties have always paid attention to,especially the pre-Qin Confucians.Mencius advocated that human nature is good,while Xun Zi believed that human nature is evil.Good and evil are interpreted differently.Although the pre-Qin philosophers kept arguing,they only raised the question of the good and evil of human nature,and the foundation of the theoretical building was very unstable.Subsequently,Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties was perfected with the core of solving this problem.On the basis of Mencius’ theory of the goodness of human nature,Neo-Confucians found the basis of "reason" for human nature,gradually built a system of human nature theory,perfected and supplemented the previous issue of the origin of human nature,and made the Confucian debate about the good and evil of human nature effective.solve.The rise of Song Dynasties absorbed and borrowed the Buddhist way of thinking,no longer explaining people and discussing human nature from the perspective of people themselves,but explaining human nature from the perspective of ontology.Zhang Zai pioneered the dualism of human nature,arguing that human nature is composed of "the nature of heaven and earth" and "the nature of temperament" to explain the good and evil of human nature.Er Cheng inherited this division."The nature of destiny" is "reason",which is pure and good.Er Cheng made a detailed discussion of "the nature of destiny" and "the nature of temperament".It is no longer the previous state of disparity between temperament and temperament,but to explain the good and evil of human nature from the height of the origin,taking reason as the root,trying to Solving the disputes about the good and evil of human nature for thousands of years,since Er Cheng,Song and Ming Neo Confucianism is the contribution of Er Cheng’s theory of human nature.However,there are still ambiguities in Er Cheng’s discussion of related categories,which left a lot of room for Zhu Zi later.The similarities and differences of Er Cheng’s thoughts have long been debated in the academic history,and the author tends that Er Cheng’s thoughts are generally the same.The similarities between the Er Cheng’s outweigh the differences.They each have their own emphasis and creation.Judging from the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties,Er Cheng Thought had a profound impact on Chinese philosophy,especially Zhu Xi,a great Neo-Confucianist who emerged later.The problem of human nature was not fully resolved until the Song and Ming dynasties.The value of human beings lies in manifesting the "nature of destiny".Because of the "nature of destiny",human beings can pursue the transcendent principles of heaven,and human activities are guided by "reason"(nature).activities;provide a philosophical basis for human ethics.Human beings are no longer just natural behaviors that are done spontaneously,but reflect and work hard,which is manifested in the pursuit of transcending the principles of heaven,which is the value of Neo Confucianism.Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties penetrated into the existence of the universe and human beings,and greatly improved the speculative level of Neo-Confucianism by exploring the relationship between reason,nature,and heart.