A Study On The Political Status Of The Kong Family In Qufu During The Jin And Yuan Dynasties

Jin Yuan,as northern minority regimes,gave all kinds of favorable treatment to Qufu kong family.Their measures further strengthened the position of Qufu kong family in Chinese political history,and had a great impact on the later dynasties.The discussion on the political status of the Kong family in Qufu during the Jin and Yuan dynasties not only shows the historical fact that the ethnic minority regime attached great importance to the political effect of Confucius and did its utmost to promote his status,but also reflects the strong cultural cohesiveness and identity consciousness of all Chinese ethnic groups.The political status of the Kong family in Qufu during the Jin and Yuan dynasties is mainly reflected in the various policies,decrees and measures formulated and implemented by the dynastic regime,including: the utmost respect for Confucius,giving high respect to Yanshenggong,make Qufu Kong family members enjoy more privileges,etc.The Jin Dynasty forced officials to pay their respects to the Kong,raising the avoiding Confucius taboo to the same height as avoiding the ancient emperors taboo.The rulers also worshiped Confucius temples to show their respect for the "holy teacher".In the Yuan Dynasty,it was strictly forbidden for officials to occupy the Confucian temple privately.The rulers also sent emissaries to worship the Confucius in the Queli,which was more frequent than that in the Jin Dynasty.They also conferred on Confucius and the sages and scholars in order to consolidate their rule.In terms of Confucius Temple and temple studies,both Jin and Yuan Dynasties adopted a combination of official repair and local repair to promote the development of Confucius Temple and temple studies.During the Jin and Yuan dynasties,more political treatment was given to Yanshenggong in terms of rank,level and office.Compared with the Jin dynasty,the Yuan Dynasty mixed political factors to grant the title of Yanshenggong,broke the principle of the older branch to inherit the title of Yanshenggong,and made the title of Yanshenggong reach the lower second rank at the end of the Yuan.In addition,during the Jin and Yuan dynasties,the Qufu kong family members enjoyed more privileges such as regional office,special favor and granting of land.The changes of the family’s political status were closely related to the state’s policy of worshiping Confucius and Confucianism.In order to maintain their own rule,the Jin and Yuan rulers elevated the status of the Qufu kong family,which objectively laid the foundation for the political status of the Qufu kong family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and also had an immeasurable positive significance for the cohesion of multi-ethnic cultural identity.