A Report On The E-C Translation Of Shadow Warfare--Cyberwar Policy In The United States,Russia,and China (Chapter 2) Under The Guidance Of Newmark’s Communicative Translation Theory

Since the 1990 s,cyber security has gradually evolved into the key to great power competition,and cyber warfare has evolved into the most important thing to win the future battlefield advantage and change the war situation.The response of the United States to cyber attacks and its various cyber warfare policies are of great significance to all countries.As one of the imaginary enemies of the United States,China needs to understand all kinds of cyber security policies and propositions of the United States,so as to build a cyber security system that is in line with the current situation and formulate detailed cyber warfare policies and strategies.Therefore,translation related to cyber security and cyber warfare is becoming more and more important and of great research value.The source text is the second chapter of Shadow Warfare--Cyberwar Policy in the United States,Russia,and China written by Elizabeth Van Wie Davis.This chapter objectively and comprehensively analyzes,evaluates and summarizes US cyber security strategies in the new century.Because of the characteristics of this text,the translator chose Peter Newmark‘s communicative translation theory as the guiding theory of this translation report.According to Newmark‘s translation theory,this text belongs to the informative text.Therefore,by applying Newmark‘s communicative translation theory the translator not only accurately conveys the information of the original text to the readers but also does not ignore their acceptance.Under the guidance of communicative translation theory,the translator analyzes the translation difficulties of the text at lexical,syntactic and textual levels.At the lexical level,the translator mainly discusses the translation of technical terms,polysemy and proper nouns.At the syntactic level,under the guidance of communicative translation theory,the translator applies regrouping,division and synthesis to translate long and difficult sentences,and converts the passive sentences in the original into notional passive sentences or structural passive sentences to make the translation clearer and smoother.At the textual level,the translator uses amplification and reiteration to ensure the cohesion and coherence of the translation.By analyzing cases and exploring the theory,the translator finally summarizes some methods to solve similar texts,in the hope of providing reference for future translation practice.