Study On Hami Ministers In Qing Dynasty

Hami is located at the eastern end of the Tianshan Mountains,which is connected by land control routes from north to south.It has been an important town on the Silk Road since ancient times.In the 36 th year of Kangxi’s reign(1697),Bedura was attached to the table of Hami Hui,and the Qing government set up flags and commands here,taking it as an outpost to unify Xinjiang.During the Qing Dynasty’s suppression of the Junggar rebellion,Hami had an important strategic position as a general hub for the Qing army to go through customs and handle grain shipments.With the advance of the war,the Qing Court successively appointed prefects,general troops,deputy generals and other officers to garrison in rotation.At any time,it also sent the imperial Court’s attendants,doctors,governors,governors,and expostulators to stay and work as imperial officials to control the imperial areas.In the 24 th year of Qianlong(1759),the Qing Dynasty pacified Zhunhui and unified the north and south Tianshan Mountains.According to the specific conditions of Hami,Hami minister was set up to govern the areas.The Hami minister was an important official in Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty.In the Qing Dynasty,officials such as prefects,general soldiers,chiefs of the imperial Council,and Taoist officials were appointed to serve Hami,and the functions of returning to Hami,armed garrison,food preparation and tribute payment were integrated through the establishment of Hami ministers.Since Hami was a minister of great responsibility,the Qing Court appointed officials with the original title and concurrently assigned them to Fengfeng Yanglian,and the central government was directly responsible for their assessment and promotion.The minister of Hami is equipped with a complete yamen.Since its initial establishment,the resident was moved from Barkol to Hami.The setting of Yamen is gradually improved,and the establishment of the minister of Hami is dominated by the minister of Hami,who has jurisdiction over the palace of Hami,Hami Tong and Hami association camp is formed.The Hami Hui King was conferred by the Qing Court and had jurisdiction over the Hui people.The Hami General and Hami Association were successively subordinate to the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu,General of Ili and the Capital of Urumqi.However,all subordinate organs were still under the general system of Hami minister of affairs,with control over military,political and civil affairs,which played a check and balance role in the power distribution of the Governor of Shaanxi and Gansu,General of Ili and the capital of Urumqi in eastern Xinjiang.In addition,the minister of Affairs of Hami led the local administration of Hami,set up farmland,inspect trade,develop culture and education,and settle lawsuits,which made contributions to the stability and development of Hami local.Hami’s local governance was the embodiment of the Qing Dynasty’s principle of "governing by custom",and the implementation of its policies such as border garrison,government operation and ethnic management were all in line with the characteristics of Xinjiang’s military government system.At the same time,the unique historical and geographical factors of Hami also made the minister of Hami close contact with the central government of the Qing Court,and always maintained the steady implementation and effective combination of the central government’s policies in Xinjiang,becoming an important fulcrum for the Qing Court to maintain the order in the northwestern frontier areas.