A Study On Mining Migration In Northeast Yunnan In The Middle Qing Dynasty(1730-1840)

During the reign of Yongzheng,the Qing Court reassigned Dongchuan,Wumeng(today’s Zhaotong)and Zhenxiong to the jurisdiction of Yunnan,and carried out a remarkable reform in this area,which was called "Northeast Yunnan Region" in this paper.This area is rich in mineral resources and has relatively convenient transportation with the mainland.The history of immigration and development can be traced back to the Qin and Han dynasties.After the completion of the conversion,under the encouragement of national policies and guidance of the government,a large number of immigrants entered this area to engage in mineral development and other economic activities,making this area an important precious metal resource producing area and a place for mining immigrants in the Qing Dynasty.To explore the production and living conditions of mining immigrants in northeast Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty;Interaction between mining migrants and indigenous people;The impact of mining migration on local economy,society and ecology has strong academic and application value.On the basis of humanistic methodology,this study adopts literature research and other methods,takes mining immigrants in northeast Yunnan as the research object,and observes the migration and its influence on regional social changes from the perspective of ordinary people’s survival and life.On the basis of absorbing previous studies,this paper studies the living conditions of mining immigrants,the relationship between immigrants and local residents,the exploitation and destruction of local natural resources by immigrants,and the social changes after the settlement of immigrants.In order to present the living appearance of the mining immigrants in northeast Yunnan in the Qing Dynasty,and the economic,social and ecological consequences of the immigrants entering the region.This study shows that immigration is an important factor affecting the change of regional social population,ethnic structure,cultural elements and social relations.After the return of the Yongzheng Dynasty,the mining industry in northeast Yunnan developed rapidly under the encouragement of the government and the promotion of the people.The mining immigrants migrated here under the "push" of the contradiction between the mainland people and the "pull" of the urgent need for labor force in the development of mining industry in northeast Yunnan.Due to their large mobility,most of the immigrants have not been included in the household register,and the exact number cannot be determined.As most mining plants are located in deep mountains,living and production conditions are poor,and protection measures are insufficient,often facing life danger.Miners often held sacrificial activities and formed a set of "taboo" rituals to pray for divine protection and psychological comfort.The arrival of mining immigrants not only promotes the development of local mining,commerce and infrastructure,but also causes severe social contradictions.In order to strengthen the management of migration,the government has passed a decree to supervise it,and the miners have a set of self-management methods.Mining development needs to consume a large amount of carbon,so extensive deforestation,resulting in vegetation destruction,forest coverage rate reduction,resulting in the deterioration of natural ecology,this consequence has an impact on the development of today’s northeast Yunnan region.It is worth noting that,in the long-term immigration process,mining immigrants played a positive role in promoting the exchanges and integration between the mainland and the border areas,Han and ethnic minorities,Confucian culture and different border cultures,and became an indispensable "link" in the political process of the "unification" of the dynasty and the country,the economic process of the development of scarce resources,and the cultural process of ideological promotion.