A Study On The Survival Dilemma Of The Vulnerable Groups In Ishiguro’s Works

The trivial and repressive language style on which Ishiguro Kazuo(1954-)became famous is closely related to his writing strategy of taking vulnerable groups as protagonists.In the writer’s works,the macro social analysis loses its effectiveness,the appearance of the minoritarian has nothing to do with the "malady" of the social structure,and the characters are naturally comfortable in the plight.In the face of the original experience of the natural body,the relationship between people and the world implied by family relations,and the social discourse shaping things,these people are all trapped in quagmire,but no social form can take responsibility for it.Therefore,when analyzing these images of vulnerable groups,the contemporary researchers often abandon the grand narrative and interpret their existential dilemma from the perspective of individual life experience,using identity confusion,trauma theory,memory mechanism,spatial dislocation and other theoretical perspectives,but they still do not go beyond the humanitarian position and always take pity on them with superior attitude.In fact,Ishiguro’s depiction of the vulnerable groups has been far beyond the scope of physical trauma,unknown fate and discipline power,and has entered into an ideal level of coexistence of majoritarian and minoritarian.From this perspective,the author’s works can be compared to the “Renaissance” in the field of social ideal.This paper finds that Ishiguro is a writer who experiences the becomingminoritarian in his writing.Neither English nor Japanese is his native language.Compared with the strong and meticulous language norms of general linguistics,his words and sentences are always minor.This kind of writing experience naturally exposes language itself as the nature of heterogeneous and pluralistic reality.Therefore,“major” and “minor” can be regarded as two ways to deal with the same language,rather than the existence of two kinds of social groups.Inspired by Deleuze,this paper adopts the concepts of “minoritarian” and “minorities” when it comes to the writers’ writing of vulnerable groups.On the one hand,we regard the vulnerable groups in Ishiguro’s works as a sub-system relative to the majorities,and pay attention to how the self-construction process of this sub-system finally makes people fall into the fundamental dilemmas;on the other hand,we regard the vulnerable groups as a kind of becoming-minoritarian,and pay attention to how becoming-minoritarian helps the vulnerable groups who can’t do anything in the sub-system level to escape from the existential dilemma.The main body of this paper consists of three chapters from chapterⅡ to chapterⅣ.The first part discusses the natural vulnerable groups in Ishiguro’s works.At this time,the relationship between “major” and “minor” presents a binary opposition of“life” and “death”.Through the way of survival struggle,people have established subsystems,but can not escape the decline of organism.In contrast,Ishiguro reveals that death is not a fundamental fear of nothingness,but a metaphor for the collapse of organisms,which points to death instinct.The second part discusses the vulnerable groups in family relations,which is a metaphor of the relationship between people and the world.At this time,the relationship between “major” and “minor” depends on whether people are closely connected with the world.By reconstructing a strong connection with the world,the vulnerable groups who have lost family protection establish a sub-system,but cannot change the fact that such a connection is an illusion.In contrast,Ishiguro puts forward a new dynamic view on the relationship between people and the world,by describing a series of seemingly short-lived family relationships.The third part discusses the social concept of vulnerable groups.At this time,the relationship between “major” and “minor” depends on the binary opposite way of thinking.The weak are portrayed as "scapegoats" who are exiled for their social responsibility.In contrast,the countries could not capture the scapegoat that was exiled by himself,but in turn benefited from the externality of them so that drew a clear line with the nightmare of fascism in Ishiguro’s works.