Research On Siwa Culture Tombs And Related Issues

The Siwa Culture is mainly distributed in three areas: the middle and upper reaches of the Tao River,the Bailong River basin,the upper reaches of the Western Han River,and the upper reaches of the Wei River to the west of Longshan.There are six main Siwa cultural cemeteries discovered so far,namely Siwa Mountain Cemetery,Zhanqi Cemetery,Jiuzhan Cemetery,Lanqiao Cemetery,Mogou Cemetery and Xujianian Cemetery.The existence of these funeral relics reflects the identity of Siwa residents to their own ethnic group to a certain extent.Compared with the Zhou culture,the ancestors of Siwa rarely used bronze vessels and jade for burial.The appearance of Zhou-style pottery and pottery pieces in Xujianian,Heshui Jiuzhan and other sites indicates that there was a certain degree of cultural interaction and integration between Siwa ancestors and Zhou people.The tombs of the Siwa Culture are mainly composed of rectangular vertical pit tombs and vertical pit pit tombs.There are mainly four types of niches: single head niche,single foot niche,single side niche and double niche tomb.Its main function is to place funeral objects,and its auxiliary function is to place martyrdom.For example,the niches in the tomb of Xujianian were used to place the martyrs;in some of the tomb niches in the Mogou cemetery,the coexistence of funerary objects and martyrs appeared.The two-story platform is divided into a two-story platform of raw soil and a two-story platform of mellow soil.The tombs of the entire Siwa culture are mainly oriented in the northwest,north or north-south,east or east-west direction,and the tombs in the northwest are large.The special burial conditions of human bones in the Siwa Culture include some with their backs up and straight,some in a mess,no skeleton in the tomb,ashes in the clay pot,and coexistence of burial and cremation in the same cemetery.The bronze wares of the Siwa culture are divided into weapons,tools,and ornaments according to their functions.Siwa Culture and Xindian Culture,Kayo Culture,and Qijia Culture overlap in geographical areas,and there are exchanges and interactions in development,but in general,they still have their own characteristics.In the process of developing eastward and southward,Siwa culture collided and influenced with Zhou culture and Qin culture,and may be absorbed and assimilated by them.Xujianian,Heshui Jiuzhan and other sites all have factors derived from Zhou culture.In the Liya site in the upper reaches of the Weihe River in the mid-Western Zhou Dynasty,the Siwa culture tombs were intertwined with the Qin culture tombs,and the tombs were the same in shape and burial customs as those of the Qin tombs,indicating that they had been fully integrated into the Qin society and assimilated by the Qin people.The southward branch of the Siwa Culture entered the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the western Sichuan Basin.Ninglang Daxing in the southwest also has traces of Siwa culture.It can be seen that the Siwa ethnic group,together with other ethnic groups,participated in the construction of the Zhou-Qin regime and its civilization,and was an integral part of the construction force of the early Chinese national community that could not be ignored.